Respiratory Virus Vaccines: Pathways to Recommendations and Enhanced Coverage for At-Risk Populations

Area of Science:

• Public Health
• Infectious Diseases
• Immunology

Background:

• Influenza virus, respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), and SARS-CoV-2 pose significant risks to vulnerable populations, including the elderly, those with comorbidities, and the immunocompromised.
• Vaccination is a proven strategy to prevent respiratory viral infections (RVIs), reducing severe illness, mortality, and long-term complications.
• Despite benefits, vaccination coverage in at-risk adult populations remains suboptimal globally due to various barriers.

Purpose of the Study:

• To discuss current barriers to vaccination against RVIs in at-risk adult populations.
• To explore strategies for enhancing vaccination coverage in these vulnerable groups.

Main Methods:

• Literature review and synthesis of existing data on vaccination barriers and strategies.
• Analysis of factors contributing to vaccine hesitancy and logistical challenges.
• Identification of potential solutions to improve vaccine uptake.

Main Results:

• Key barriers include low awareness of disease risks, perceived low vaccine benefits, safety concerns (vaccine hesitancy), and logistical issues (supply, access, cost).
• Effective strategies involve strengthening immunization guidelines, improving disease surveillance, and exploring co-administration or combination vaccines.
• Healthcare provider training and consumer education are crucial for addressing vaccine hesitancy.

Conclusions:

• Improving vaccination coverage in at-risk adults requires a multi-faceted approach addressing awareness, access, and hesitancy.
• New vaccine platforms and updated strategies offer opportunities to reach vaccination targets.
• Collective efforts from healthcare providers, policymakers, scientists, and the public are essential for success.