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Association of Vitamin D Deficiency with Late Onset Neonatal Sepsis in Term and Late Preterm Neonates

M A Rabbany1, M N Islam, M Akhter

  • 1Dr Md Arif Rabbany, Junior Consultant, Department of Neonatology, Mymensingh Medical College Hospital (MMCH), Mymensingh, Bangladesh;

Mymensingh Medical Journal : MMJ
|December 31, 2024
PubMed

Insights

Neonatal sepsis, a major cause of infant death, is strongly linked to vitamin D deficiency in both newborns and their mothers. Lower vitamin D levels in mothers and infants indicate a higher risk for late-onset neonatal sepsis.

Area of Science:

  • Neonatology
  • Endocrinology
  • Public Health

Background:

  • Neonatal sepsis is a critical global health issue, particularly in low- and middle-income countries, contributing significantly to infant mortality.
  • Vitamin D deficiency is increasingly implicated in adverse neonatal outcomes, including sepsis, due to its role in immune function and calcium homeostasis.
  • Existing data highlights the prevalence of neonatal sepsis in Bangladesh, underscoring the need to identify contributing factors.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the association between serum 25(OH) vitamin D levels and late-onset neonatal sepsis in term and late preterm infants.
  • To compare vitamin D status in neonates with sepsis versus a control group without sepsis.
  • To assess maternal vitamin D levels in relation to neonatal sepsis.

Main Methods:

  • A cross-sectional analytical study conducted in Bangladesh.
  • Included neonates admitted with suspected late-onset sepsis and a control group with physiological hyperbilirubinemia.
  • Measured serum 25(OH) vitamin D levels in both neonates and their mothers.

Main Results:

  • Neonates with sepsis exhibited significantly lower mean serum vitamin D levels (13.99±6.07 ng/ml) compared to the control group (20.56±5.93 ng/ml).
  • Mothers of septic neonates also showed significantly lower mean serum vitamin D levels (16.36±6.25 ng/ml) than mothers of non-septic neonates (23.06±5.85 ng/ml).
  • A strong positive correlation was observed between neonatal and maternal 25(OH) vitamin D levels in both sepsis and control groups.

Conclusions:

  • Serum 25(OH) vitamin D deficiency is significantly associated with late-onset neonatal sepsis in term and late preterm neonates.
  • Maternal vitamin D status is strongly correlated with neonatal vitamin D status and may play a role in neonatal sepsis risk.
  • Addressing vitamin D deficiency in mothers and neonates could be a potential strategy to reduce the burden of neonatal sepsis.

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