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Related Experiment Video

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Forming Connections: Functional Brain Connectivity is Associated With Executive Functioning Abilities in Early

Caroline Kelsey1,2, Adelia Kamenetskiy3, Kaitlin Mulligan3

  • 1Division of Developmental Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.

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|December 31, 2024
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Summary

This study used functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) to track brain network development in children. Executive functioning (EF) was linked to brain connectivity across childhood, highlighting early neural foundations for self-regulation.

Keywords:
default mode networkexecutive functioningfNIRSfrontoparietal networkfunctional connectivity

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Developmental Psychology
  • Cognitive Science

Background:

  • Adult fMRI studies link default mode and frontoparietal networks to executive functioning (EF).
  • Limited research exists on early childhood brain network development and EF due to neuroimaging challenges.
  • Functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) offers a viable alternative for infant and child neuroimaging.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the developmental trajectories of functional brain networks in early childhood.
  • To examine the association between functional brain network connectivity and executive functioning (EF) from infancy to 7 years.
  • To explore the neural underpinnings of regulatory abilities during early development.

Main Methods:

  • Longitudinal study involving 207 children with fNIRS data collected at infancy, 3, 5, and 7 years.
  • fNIRS data acquired while children watched a 2-minute nonsocial video.
  • Behavioral assessments and parent questionnaires administered at 3, 5, and 7 years to evaluate child EF.

Main Results:

  • Early functional brain network connectivity did not predict later connectivity.
  • Executive functioning (EF) showed concurrent and longitudinal associations with functional connectivity in both default mode and frontoparietal networks.
  • Significant changes in functional brain network composition were observed across development, with conserved function.

Conclusions:

  • Early childhood is a critical period for the development of neural networks supporting executive functions.
  • Functional brain network connectivity and executive functioning are closely intertwined throughout early development.
  • fNIRS is a valuable tool for studying neurodevelopmental trajectories in young children.