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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 5, 2026

Frame-by-Frame Video Analysis of Idiosyncratic Reach-to-Grasp Movements in Humans

Frame-by-Frame Video Analysis of Idiosyncratic Reach-to-Grasp Movements in Humans

Published on: January 15, 2018

Kinematic hand synergies differ between reach-and-grasp and functional object manipulation.

A Michael West¹, Neville Hogan^2,3

¹Department of Mechanical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, United States.

Journal of Neurophysiology

|December 31, 2024

Summary

Human hand manipulation requires more complex movement patterns, or synergies, than simple grasping. Understanding these distinct synergies is crucial for developing better prosthetic and rehabilitative devices for restoring hand function.

Keywords:

manipulation motor control physical interaction synergy tool use

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Last Updated: May 5, 2026

Frame-by-Frame Video Analysis of Idiosyncratic Reach-to-Grasp Movements in Humans

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Published on: January 15, 2018

Design and Use of an Apparatus for Presenting Graspable Objects in 3D Workspace

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Published on: August 8, 2019

Estimation of Contact Regions Between Hands and Objects During Human Multi-Digit Grasping

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Published on: April 21, 2023

Area of Science:

Neuroscience
Biomechanics
Rehabilitation Engineering

Background:

Human hand dexterity enables tool use, but conditions like stroke or amputation cause significant functional loss.
Previous research on hand function primarily focused on reaching and grasping synergies, leaving complex object manipulation understudied.
Restoring hand function through prosthetics and rehabilitation necessitates a deeper understanding of manipulation kinematics.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the number and identity of kinematic synergies involved in complex object manipulation.
To test the hypotheses that manipulation uses the same number but different identities of synergies compared to reach-and-grasp.
To establish a baseline for understanding hand synergies in functional tasks beyond simple grasping.

Main Methods:

Measured human hand kinematics during two experiments: reach-and-grasp and object manipulation for wire harness installation.
Analyzed the underlying kinematic synergies for both tasks using established biomechanical analysis techniques.
Compared the number and characteristics of synergies between the reach-and-grasp and manipulation phases.

Main Results:

Object manipulation generally required a greater number of kinematic synergies than simple reach-and-grasp actions.
A decrease in synergy similarity was observed between reach-and-grasp and manipulation, particularly for higher-order synergies.
The identity of kinematic synergies differed between manipulation and reach-and-grasp tasks, especially as synergy order increased.

Conclusions:

Functional hand manipulation involves a distinct and more complex set of kinematic synergies than basic grasping.
Higher-order synergies play a significant role in complex manipulation tasks, warranting further investigation.
This research highlights the need to study manipulation, not just grasping, to advance prosthetic and rehabilitative technologies for hand function restoration.