Research Progress on the Potential Pathogenesis of Persistent Postural-Perceptual Dizziness.

Area of Science:

• Neuroscience
• Vestibular Disorders
• Functional Neurological Disorders

Background:

• Persistent postural-perceptual dizziness (PPPD) is the most common chronic functional dizziness, characterized by unsteadiness and vertigo exacerbated by posture, movement, and visual stimuli.
• Its pathogenesis is not fully understood, lacking specific anatomical defects or objective diagnostic markers, relying heavily on subjective symptoms.

Purpose of the Study:

• To review current literature on the pathogenesis of PPPD.
• To identify novel diagnostic strategies and therapeutic targets for PPPD.

Main Methods:

• A comprehensive narrative review of literature was conducted.
• PubMed searches used terms like "persistent postural-perceptual dizziness" and "PPPD."
• Reference lists of relevant studies were also screened for additional publications.

Main Results:

• Recent studies indicate alterations in brain structure, activity, connectivity, and perfusion in PPPD patients compared to controls.
• Differences were observed in spatial navigation, vestibular perception, central sensitization, and oxidative stress.
• Findings suggest PPPD may stem from altered interactions within emotional, visuo-vestibular, and sensorimotor networks.

Conclusions:

• Understanding the complex pathogenesis of PPPD is essential for developing effective treatments.
• This review highlights key findings and proposes directions for future research into PPPD.