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Related Concept Videos

Regulation of Expression at Multiple Steps01:23

Regulation of Expression at Multiple Steps

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The gene expression in cells is regulated at different stages: (i) transcription, (ii) RNA processing, (iii) RNA localization, and (iv) translation. Transcriptional regulation is mediated by regulatory proteins such as transcription factors, activators, or repressors—these control gene expression by initiating or inhibiting the transcription of genes. Once a precursor or pre-mRNA is produced, it undergoes post-transcriptional modification, including 5' capping, splicing, and the...
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Regulation of Expression Occurs at Multiple Steps02:24

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Gene expression can be regulated at almost every step from gene to protein. Transcription is the step that is most commonly regulated. This involves the binding of proteins to short regulatory sequences on the DNA. This association can either promote or inhibit the transcription of a gene associated with the respective sequence.
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Combinatorial Gene Control02:33

Combinatorial Gene Control

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Combinatorial gene control is the synergistic action of several transcriptional factors to regulate the expression of a single gene. The absence of one or more of these factors may lead to a significant difference in the level of gene expression or repression.
The expression of more than 30,000 genes is controlled by approximately 2000-3000 transcription factors. This is possible because a single transcription factor can recognize more than one regulatory sequence. The specificity in gene...
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What is Gene Expression?01:36

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A gene is a stretch of DNA that serves as the blueprint for functional RNAs and proteins. Since DNA is comprised  of nucleotides and proteins are comprised of amino acids, a mediator is required to convert the information encoded in DNA into proteins. This mediator is the messenger RNA (mRNA). mRNA copies the blueprint from DNA by a process called transcription. In eukaryotes, transcription occurs in the nucleus by complementary base-pairing with the DNA template. The mRNA is then...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 4, 2025

Multiplexed Analysis of Retinal Gene Expression and Chromatin Accessibility Using scRNA-Seq and scATAC-Seq
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Mapping dynamic regulation of gene expression using single-cell transcriptomics and application to complex disease

Hanna Abe1, Phillip Lin2, Dan Zhou2

  • 1Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA.

HGG Advances
|January 1, 2025
PubMed
Summary

This study introduces a new method to analyze gene expression in single cells, revealing genetic links to diseases like schizophrenia. It provides a valuable resource for understanding genetic regulation in human health and disease.

Keywords:
Granger-causalityPheWASTWAScell-stateschizophreniasingle-cell

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A Combinatorial Single-cell Approach to Characterize the Molecular and Immunophenotypic Heterogeneity of Human Stem and Progenitor Populations
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Area of Science:

  • Genomics
  • Molecular Biology
  • Neuroscience

Background:

  • Single-cell transcriptome data offers insights into genetic variation's role in human health and disease.
  • Challenges include limited population-scale resources, data sparsity, and complex cell expression patterns.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop genetic models for cell-type-specific and cell-state-adjusted gene expression.
  • To quantify genetic regulation dynamics and cell-type specificity.
  • To apply these models to understand disease mechanisms and genetic associations.

Main Methods:

  • Developed genetic models for gene expression in differentiating mid-brain neurons.
  • Quantified genetic regulation dynamics and cell-type specificity.
  • Applied models to UK Biobank data (1,500+ phenotypes) and implemented a predictive causality framework.

Main Results:

  • Detected known and novel genes associated with schizophrenia.
  • Provided insights into context-dependent disease mechanisms.
  • Created a genomic resource for phenome-wide genetic expression analysis.

Conclusions:

  • Quantifying genetic control of gene expression at single-cell resolution offers significant insights into disease underpinnings.
  • The developed framework enables the study of genetic regulation in specific cell types and states.
  • This approach advances our understanding of the genetic architecture of complex human diseases.