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Anti-inflammatory effects of glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) in coronary artery disease: a comprehensive review

Alicja Skrobucha1, Patryk Pindlowski1, Natalia Krajewska1

  • 11st Department of Cardiology, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland.

Frontiers in Cardiovascular Medicine
|January 1, 2025
PubMed

Insights

Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) demonstrates anti-inflammatory effects beneficial for coronary artery disease (CAD). Further research is needed to confirm its cardioprotective potential in human trials.

Area of Science:

  • Cardiovascular Research
  • Inflammation and Immunology
  • Endocrinology

Background:

  • Coronary artery disease (CAD) is a leading cause of death, primarily driven by inflammation and atherosclerotic plaque formation.
  • Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) is a hormone with known roles in metabolism and emerging evidence suggests anti-inflammatory properties.
  • GLP-1 receptor agonism has shown potential in regulating inflammatory pathways relevant to atherosclerosis in vitro.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To comprehensively review the potential link between the anti-inflammatory effects of GLP-1 and its role in coronary artery disease (CAD).
  • To summarize preclinical and clinical evidence regarding GLP-1's impact on atherosclerosis and CAD.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on GLP-1, inflammation, atherosclerosis, and CAD.
  • Analysis of in vitro, animal, and human studies investigating GLP-1's effects on inflammatory pathways and cardiovascular parameters.

Main Results:

  • Preclinical studies establish an anti-atherogenic effect of GLP-1 mediated by its anti-inflammatory actions, independent of lipid modulation.
  • Human studies, though limited, suggest beneficial effects of GLP-1 on endothelial function and microcirculatory integrity in CAD patients.
  • GLP-1 receptor agonism influences cytokine production, lipotoxicity, and macrophage differentiation, key processes in atherosclerosis.

Conclusions:

  • Viewing atherosclerosis as an inflammatory condition highlights new therapeutic avenues for CAD.
  • GLP-1's anti-inflammatory properties present a promising strategy for CAD prevention and treatment.
  • Larger randomized controlled trials are essential to validate the cardioprotective effects of GLP-1 receptor agonists in CAD patients.

Keywords:
anti-inflammatoryatherosclerosiscoronary artery diseaseglucagon-like peptide-1mechanisms

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