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Related Concept Videos

Structural Classification of Joints01:20

Structural Classification of Joints

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Joints, also known as articulations, are classified based on their structural characteristics, i.e., based on whether the articulating surfaces of the adjacent bones are directly connected by fibrous connective tissue or cartilage, or whether the articulating surfaces contact each other within a fluid-filled joint cavity. These differences serve to divide the joints of the body into three structural classifications.
A fibrous joint is where the adjacent bones are united by fibrous connective...
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Functional Classification of Joints01:09

Functional Classification of Joints

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Functional Classification of Joints
The functional classification of joints is determined by the amount of mobility between the adjacent bones. Joints are functionally classified as a synarthrosis or immobile joint, an amphiarthrosis or slightly moveable joint, or as a diarthrosis, a freely moveable joint. Fibrous and cartilaginous joints can be functionally classified as either synarthroses  or amphiarthroses, whereas all synovial joints are classified as diarthroses.
Synarthrosis
An...
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Knee Joint01:23

Knee Joint

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The knee joint is the most complicated joint in the body. It consists of three articulations– two tibiofemoral and one patellofemoral. As is characteristic of synovial joints, the knee joint has a thin articular capsule that partially surrounds this joint cavity. Additionally, several ligaments, muscles, and cartilaginous structures support the movement of the knee.
A total of seven ligaments support the knee joint. The patellar ligament, which is also attached to the quadriceps femoris...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 4, 2025

Destabilization of the Medial Meniscus and Cartilage Scratch Murine Model of Accelerated Osteoarthritis
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Meniscal extrusion: Proposal for a novel qualitative classification.

Simone Perelli1,2, Pietro Conte1,3,4, Nicola Pizza1

  • 1ICATKnee, Institut Català de Traumatologia i Medicina de l'Esport (ICATME)-Hospital Universitari Dexeus Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona Barcelona Spain.

Journal of Experimental Orthopaedics
|January 1, 2025
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Meniscal extrusion (ME), the displacement of meniscus tissue outside the knee, requires a new classification. This study proposes differentiating paraphysiological, pathological, and degenerative ME for better clinical management.

Keywords:
degenerativeextrusionkneemeniscal extrusionmeniscusosteoarthritis

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Area of Science:

  • Orthopedics
  • Radiology
  • Sports Medicine

Background:

  • Meniscal extrusion (ME) is a recognized predictor of knee degeneration.
  • Current classifications of ME are solely quantitative, lacking contextual information.
  • ME can arise from diverse conditions, including acute tears, chronic degeneration, and post-transplant scenarios.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To address the limitations of quantitative ME assessments.
  • To introduce a novel qualitative classification for meniscal extrusion.
  • To differentiate between paraphysiological, pathological, and degenerative ME.

Main Methods:

  • Comprehensive literature review on meniscal extrusion.
  • Development of a new qualitative classification system for ME.
  • Analysis of clinical scenarios associated with different ME types.

Main Results:

  • Existing ME classifications are insufficient due to varied clinical contexts.
  • A new classification distinguishes paraphysiological, pathological, and degenerative ME.
  • Literature review highlights updated evidence and differing clinical management strategies.

Conclusions:

  • A qualitative approach is necessary for accurate ME assessment.
  • The proposed classification aids in understanding the diverse etiologies of ME.
  • Differentiating ME types is crucial for appropriate clinical management and treatment.