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The Impact of COVID-19 Infection on Abdominal Aortic Aneurysms: Mechanisms and Clinical Implications

Zenghan Cao1, Jianhang Gao1, Jianqiang Wu1,2,3

  • 1Department of Vascular Surgery Peking Union Medical College Hospital Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China.

Cardiovascular Therapeutics
|January 1, 2025
PubMed

Insights

COVID-19 infection accelerates abdominal aortic aneurysms (AAAs) by disrupting the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS), immune response, and coagulation. Understanding these mechanisms is vital for future pandemic preparedness and treatment strategies.

Area of Science:

  • Cardiovascular Research
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Pathophysiology

Background:

  • COVID-19 poses significant health risks, impacting cardiovascular diseases like aortic aneurysms.
  • Abdominal aortic aneurysms (AAAs) are life-threatening conditions exacerbated by various factors.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review foundational and clinical research on COVID-19's impact on abdominal aortic aneurysms (AAAs).
  • To elucidate the mechanisms by which COVID-19 influences AAA progression and rupture risk.

Main Methods:

  • Review of foundational research on RAAS, immune activation, and coagulation disorders.
  • Summary of clinical studies, including AAA epidemiology during the pandemic and case reports.

Main Results:

  • COVID-19 infection is linked to accelerated AAA progression and increased rupture risk.
  • Mechanisms involve disruptions in the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS), immune dysregulation, and hypercoagulation.

Conclusions:

  • COVID-19 influences AAA onset and progression via RAAS, inflammation, and coagulation.
  • Comprehensive understanding is needed for preventative/therapeutic strategies against viral impacts on aortic diseases.
  • Preparedness for future outbreaks involving cardiovascular complications is essential.

Keywords:
COVID-19abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA)hypercoagulationimmune systemrenin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS)

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