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Related Concept Videos

Synthesis and Regulation of Thyroid Hormones01:20

Synthesis and Regulation of Thyroid Hormones

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Low blood levels of the thyroid hormones — triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4) — signal the hypothalamus to release the thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH). TRH then reaches the pituitary gland and stimulates the release of thyroid-stimulating hormone(TSH) into the bloodstream.
Upon reaching the thyroid gland, TSH stimulates the follicular cells' active uptake of iodide ions from the blood. The ions diffuse to the apical surface of the cells and are oxidized to iodine. The...
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Functions of Thyroid Hormones01:18

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The thyroid hormone (TH) plays a pivotal role in the intricate orchestration of physiological processes, exerting profound effects on development, metabolism, and homeostasis throughout different life stages.
TH is indispensable for the normal development and maturation of the skeletal, muscular, and nervous systems during fetal and childhood growth. It facilitates bone mineral turnover and regulates protein synthesis in developing tissues, contributing significantly to overall growth and...
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Hormones and Bone Tissue01:17

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The endocrine system produces and secretes hormones, which interact with the skeletal system. These hormones control bone growth, maintain bone once it is formed, and remodel it.
Hormones That Influence Osteoblasts and/or Maintain the Matrix
Several hormones are necessary for controlling bone growth and maintaining the bone matrix. The pituitary gland secretes growth hormone (GH), which, as its name implies, controls bone growth. This happens in several ways: first, it triggers chondrocyte...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 7, 2025

Author Spotlight: In Vivo Assessment of Thyroid Hormone Disruption Using the THAI Mouse Model
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A Two-Way Mendelian Randomization Analysis on the Link between Thyroid Activity Function and Coronary

Le-Tai Li1, Jia-Jie Leng1, Yu-Xiang Luo1

  • 1Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, 400016 Chongqing, China.

Reviews in Cardiovascular Medicine
|January 1, 2025
PubMed
Summary

Thyroid conditions like hypothyroidism and Graves' disease increase coronary atherosclerosis risk. This study confirms a causal link, aiding in defining cardiovascular risk factors for coronary artery disease.

Keywords:
Mendelian randomizationcoronary atherosclerosisendocrine dysfunctiongenome-wide association studiesthyroid function

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Area of Science:

  • Cardiovascular Research
  • Endocrinology
  • Genetics

Background:

  • Coronary artery disease (CAD) is primarily caused by coronary atherosclerosis.
  • Thyroid hormones are potential risk factors beyond standard modifiable cardiovascular risk factors (SMuRFs).

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the causal relationship between thyroid function and coronary atherosclerosis.
  • To identify thyroid-related risks for coronary artery disease.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized Mendelian Randomization (MR) analysis with large-scale genetic data from IEU OpenGWAS, Finngen R9, and ThyroidOmics Consortium.
  • Analyzed single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) associated with hypothyroidism, Graves' disease, other hyperthyroidism, TSH, FT4, and coronary atherosclerosis.
  • Employed inverse variance weighting (IVW), weighted median (WM), and MR-Egger methods, with sensitivity analyses including Cochran's Q test and leave-one-out analysis.

Main Results:

  • Genetic predisposition to hypothyroidism, Graves' disease, and other hyperthyroidism significantly increases the likelihood of coronary atherosclerosis.
  • No causal link was found between free thyroxine (FT4) or thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) levels and coronary atherosclerosis.
  • Reverse MR analysis showed no association between coronary atherosclerosis and thyroid function phenotypes.

Conclusions:

  • Thyroid dysfunction, specifically hypothyroidism and hyperthyroidism, is causally linked to coronary atherosclerosis.
  • Findings contribute to understanding cardiovascular risk factors for CAD.
  • Highlights the importance of considering thyroid health in managing coronary artery disease.