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Inclined distance running at iso-efficient speeds: Effect on joint work
George M Pamboris1, Alexis K Nelson2, Lauren Williams3
1Department of Health Sciences, European University Cyprus, Nicosia, Cyprus.
Journal of Sports Sciences
|January 1, 2025
Summary
Inclined running at iso-efficiency speed alters lower extremity (LE) joint work. Steeper inclines increase ankle and hip positive work and decrease knee and hip negative work.
Area of Science:
- Biomechanics
- Exercise Physiology
- Sports Science
Background:
- Runners often adjust pace on inclines to maintain metabolic effort, termed iso-efficiency speed.
- Understanding lower extremity (LE) joint work changes during incline running is crucial for training optimization.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate alterations in lower extremity (LE) joint work profiles during inclined treadmill running at iso-efficiency speed.
- To analyze how varying inclines affect ankle, knee, and hip joint positive and negative work.
Main Methods:
- Eleven collegiate distance runners participated in treadmill running at 0%, 4%, and 8% inclines.
- Running velocity was adjusted to maintain iso-efficiency speed across inclines.
- Motion capture and an instrumented treadmill collected kinematic and kinetic data for joint work calculations.
Main Results:
- Total lower extremity (LE) positive work increased with incline, driven by greater ankle and hip positive work.
- Total LE negative work decreased with incline, due to reduced knee and hip negative work.
- Inclined running at iso-efficiency speed shifted joint work demands, increasing eccentric ankle and concentric ankle/hip demands.
Conclusions:
- Inclined running at iso-efficiency speed modifies lower extremity (LE) joint mechanics.
- Training programs can leverage these findings to optimize cardiorespiratory benefits while managing mechanical stress on specific joint structures.
- This research provides insights into biomechanical adaptations for runners using incline training.
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