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The psychometric properties of the Four Square Step Test in older adults with mild cognitive impairment
Ulku Kezban Sahin1, Taskin Ozkan1, Habibe Durdu1
1Giresun University, Vocational School of Health Services, Department of Therapy and Rehabilitation, Giresun, Türkiye.
Purpose:
The study aimed to determine the test-retest, interrater, and minimum detectable change, concurrent and known-groups validity in older adults with mild cognitive impairment. Minimal detectable change values are the degree of change needed to exceed a measurement's error within a confidence limit.
Methods:
A total of 46 older adults with mild cognitive impairment and 34 healthy controls were included. The Four Square Step Test was used together with the Timed Up and Go Test, Berg Balance Scale, Functional Reach Test, and One-Leg Stand Test.
Results:
The Four Square Step Test revealed high interrater and test-retest reliability (ICC = 0.963-0.986 and 0.937-0.956, respectively). The cut-off times of 15.11 s best distinguished older adults as fallers from non-fallers with mild cognitive impairment.
Conclusions:
The Four Square Step Test is a valid, reliable, applicable, and safe dynamic balance evaluation to identify subtle changes to dynamic balance in mild cognitive impairment patients.
