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Related Concept Videos

Blind Procedures02:07

Blind Procedures

Ideally, the people who observe and record the children’s behavior are unaware of who was assigned to the experimental or control group, in order to control for experimenter bias. Experimenter bias refers to the possibility that a researcher’s expectations might skew the results of the study. Remember, conducting an experiment requires a lot of planning, and the people involved in the research project have a vested interest in supporting their hypotheses. If the observers knew which child was...
Regression Toward the Mean01:52

Regression Toward the Mean

Regression toward the mean (“RTM”) is a phenomenon in which extremely high or low values—for example, and individual’s blood pressure at a particular moment—appear closer to a group’s average upon remeasuring. Although this statistical peculiarity is the result of random error and chance, it has been problematic across various medical, scientific, financial and psychological applications. In particular, RTM, if not taken into account, can interfere when researchers try to extrapolate results...
Study Design in Statistics01:15

Study Design in Statistics

A study design is a set of techniques that allow a researcher to collect and analyze data from different variables defined for a specific research problem. Statistics is commonly for effective study design and more robust experiments,
Does aspirin reduce the risk of heart attacks? Is one brand of fertilizer more effective at growing roses than another? Is fatigue as dangerous to a driver as the influence of alcohol? Questions like these are answered using randomized experiments with proper...
Randomized Experiments01:13

Randomized Experiments

The randomization process involves assigning study participants randomly to experimental or control groups based on their probability of being equally assigned. Randomization is meant to eliminate selection bias and balance known and unknown confounding factors so that the control group is similar to the treatment group as much as possible. A computer program and a random number generator can be used to assign participants to groups in a way that minimizes bias.
Simple randomization
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Blinding01:11

Blinding

Blinding is a commonly used method of not telling participants which treatment a subject is receiving. Blinding is a critical part of a randomized control trial or RCT. It reduces the bias that affects the results. In an RCT, blinding is used in the form of a placebo. A placebo effect occurs when untreated subjects falsely believe they have received the treatment and report improved symptoms. A placebo or a dummy treatment is administered to subjects to negate the bias caused by such an effect.
Types of Biopharmaceutical Studies: Controlled and Non-Controlled Approaches01:23

Types of Biopharmaceutical Studies: Controlled and Non-Controlled Approaches

Biopharmaceutical studies constitute a vital field aiming to enhance drug delivery methods and refine therapeutic approaches, drawing upon diverse interdisciplinary knowledge. In research methodologies, the choice between controlled and non-controlled studies significantly influences the study's reliability and accuracy.
Non-controlled studies, commonly employed for initial exploration, lack a control group, rendering them susceptible to biases and external influences. In contrast, controlled...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 19, 2026

Author Spotlight: Regenerative Peripheral Nerve Interface (RPNI) Surgery in Postamputation Pain Management
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Spin Reporting Is Common in Pilot Randomized Controlled Trials in Surgery: A Methodological Survey.

Tyler McKechnie1, Tania Kazi2, Victoria Shi2

  • 1Division of General Surgery, Department of Surgery, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada; Department of Health Research Methodology, Evidence, and Impact, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada.

The Journal of Surgical Research
|January 1, 2025
PubMed
Summary

Most surgical pilot and feasibility trials report spin, focusing on efficacy over feasibility. This misrepresentation is concerning as these trials should explore feasibility for future definitive studies.

Keywords:
Feasibility studiesMethodological reviewPilot and feasibility trialsPilot projectsSurgery

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Area of Science:

  • Surgical Research Methodology
  • Clinical Trial Design
  • Evidence-Based Medicine

Background:

  • Spin reporting, the emphasis on efficacy over feasibility, is understudied in pilot and feasibility trials.
  • This study addresses the knowledge gap by evaluating spin reporting in surgical pilot and feasibility trials.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To determine the prevalence of spin reporting in surgical pilot and feasibility trials.
  • To identify the types of spin reporting used and their association with study characteristics.

Main Methods:

  • A methodological survey of surgical pilot and feasibility randomized trials was conducted.
  • Literature searches were performed in Medline, Embase, and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials for 2011 and 2021.
  • Spin reporting was defined by a focus on efficacy, statistically significant findings, or misrepresentation of feasibility outcomes.

Main Results:

  • Of 72 included trials, 81.9% exhibited spin reporting.
  • The majority focused on efficacy (80.6%) or statistical significance (47.2%) rather than feasibility.
  • Spin reporting decreased from 94.7% in 2011 to 67.6% in 2021, but remained prevalent.

Conclusions:

  • A significant proportion of surgical pilot and feasibility trials inappropriately emphasize clinical outcomes and statistical significance over feasibility.
  • This spin reporting is concerning as pilot trials are crucial for informing the design of definitive trials.
  • Further research and guidelines are needed to ensure accurate reporting of feasibility outcomes in early-phase surgical trials.