Longitudinal observational digital analysis of occlusion in Hall Technique

To evaluate volumetric changes over time in teeth treated with the Hall Technique (HT) and their opposing teeth. Secondary aims included assessing occluso-vertical dimension (OVD), temporomandibular joint (TMJ) function, and children's treatment perceptions.

Twenty-eight children (5-9 years-old) requiring HT treatment for one first primary molar were recruited. Dental impressions were taken. Mean volume differences were digitally calculated from scanned models (Rapidform2006) between HT-treated and opposing teeth over time. Canine overlap (to measure OVD) was assessed with digital calipers. TMJ function was evaluated using Helkimo Clinical Dysfunction Index and AAPD Temporomandibular Disorders guidance. Data were collected pre-treatment (T0), immediately post-treatment (T1), at one-month (T2), and three-months (T3) after. Children's perceptions were assessed at T3.

The mean volume differences (mm³)±Standard error of the mean(SEM),(min-max) for HT teeth were:T0-T1:71.0 ± 3.2, (43.18 to 113.3mm³); T1-T2:10.1 ± 1.2 (0.02 to 23.52mm³); T2-T3:4.3 ± 1.0 (-4.11 to 15.43mm³) and for opposing teeth: T1-T2:6.8 ± 1.1 (-4.30 to 21.51mm³); T2-T3:0.5 ± 0.9 (-11.12 to 15.24mm³). Crowns and canine overlap measurements resolved within one month (p < 000.1), reflecting occlusion re-establishment. TMJ assessments showed mild-dysfunction in two children (8 %), resolved by T3, Children's perceptions: 26 children (93 %) "strongly agreed" or "agreed" they were happy with their crowned-tooth; one child preferred not to show it, and 26 (93 %) reported no discomfort or pain.

The volumetric changes in HT-treated and opposing teeth, along with canine overlap, indicate gradual occlusion re-establishment, primarily within one month. OVD changes resolved, there was minimal TMJ dysfunction and high patient satisfaction.

This study demonstrates that occlusal adjustments in Hall Technique-treated teeth mainly occur within one month of crown placement, with minimal effects on TMJ function and occlusion. Results support the Hall-Technique as a child-friendly option for managing carious primary molars with high acceptance and limited clinical adverse effects.