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Kinetic and Affinity Profiling Rare Earth Metals Using a DNA Aptamer.

Jin Wang1,2, Yunus A Kaiyum3, Xiangmei Li1

  • 1Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety, College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China.

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Summary

Researchers developed a DNA aptamer, Sc-1, capable of detecting and distinguishing rare earth elements (REEs). This aptamer shows specific binding to REEs and can differentiate between various lanthanide ions, aiding in analytical chemistry applications.

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Area of Science:

  • Analytical Chemistry
  • Biotechnology
  • Materials Science

Background:

  • Rare earth elements (REEs) are critical components in numerous high-tech industries.
  • Developing selective affinity ligands for REE detection and differentiation is a significant challenge in analytical chemistry.
  • Understanding the capabilities of natural biomolecules in recognizing REEs is an area of interest.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To isolate DNA aptamers with affinity for specific rare earth elements.
  • To characterize the binding properties and selectivity of the isolated aptamers.
  • To explore the potential of DNA aptamers for discriminating between different REEs.

Main Methods:

  • Isolation of DNA aptamers targeting scandium (Sc³⁺) using SELEX.
  • Characterization of aptamer binding specificity using thioflavin T (ThT) fluorescence assays.
  • Analysis of binding kinetics, dissociation resistance (EDTA), and discrimination capabilities across 17 REEs.
  • Confirmation of aptamer conformational changes via NMR spectroscopy.
  • Quantification of binding affinity (Kd) using fluorescence strand-displacement assays.

Main Results:

  • A DNA aptamer, Sc-1, was successfully isolated, exhibiting specific binding to REEs but not other metal ions.
  • Sc-1 demonstrated slow binding kinetics with Sc³⁺ and resistance to EDTA dissociation.
  • The aptamer differentiated 17 trivalent lanthanide ions into three distinct groups based on binding kinetics.
  • NMR confirmed binding-induced structural alterations in the aptamer.
  • True dissociation constants (Kd) ranged from 0.6 to 258.5 nM for REE ions, with effective Sc³⁺ detection in real samples.

Conclusions:

  • DNA aptamers can be developed to selectively recognize and differentiate rare earth elements.
  • The aptamer Sc-1 provides a novel tool for the analysis and discrimination of REEs, particularly Sc³⁺.
  • This study highlights the potential of aptamers in advancing analytical chemistry for critical element detection.