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Phantom agents, unverified pathogens, hinder global agriculture and trade. This study recommends removing them from regulatory lists to improve plant germplasm exchange and diagnostics.

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Area of Science:

  • Plant pathology
  • Agricultural science
  • Regulatory science

Background:

  • Over 180 researchers from 40+ countries collaborated on this study.
  • Phantom agents are putative pathogenic agents named in literature without supporting data.
  • These agents remain on regulatory lists, creating barriers in international trade and plant certification.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To address the challenges posed by phantom agents in plant pathology.
  • To review and reassess the regulatory status of unverified agents.
  • To propose revised standards for plant pathogen identification and regulation.

Main Methods:

  • A comprehensive review of over 120 putative phantom agents across 10 key plant genera was conducted.
  • Literature was analyzed for supporting data on the existence of these agents.
  • Modern diagnostic standards were considered for reassessment.

Main Results:

  • The review found a lack of isolates or sequence data for most historical phantom agents.
  • Reliable detection and risk assessment are impossible for agents lacking empirical evidence.
  • Over 120 agents were identified as lacking sufficient data for regulatory inclusion.

Conclusions:

  • Phantom agents should be removed from regulatory lists due to lack of evidence.
  • Revised diagnostic standards are needed to align with modern scientific capabilities.
  • Streamlining germplasm exchange will benefit global agriculture by removing phantom agent constraints.