Related Experiment Video
Updated: Jun 13, 2025
Assessment of the Efficacy of An Osteopathic Treatment in Infants with Biomechanical Impairments to Suckling
Published on: February 5, 2019
Core Outcome Set and Unique Outcomes of Nursing Interventions for Women With Lactational Mastitis: A Mixed Methods
Yun-Peng Lv1, Ke-Ke Lin1, Fen Zhou1,2
1School of Nursing, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China.
Aims:
To develop the core outcome set and identify unique outcomes for the three stages and five types of nursing interventions, respectively, in lactational mastitis.
Design:
A mixed methods study.
Methods:
A systematic literature search, four semi-structured interviews for key stakeholders, two rounds of Delphi surveys and two online consensus meetings were conducted.
Results:
Thirty-one nursing outcomes were derived from the systematic review (literature research from January 2019 to December 2021) and semi-structured interviews in 2022. Six A-category nursing outcomes and 19 B-category nursing outcomes were determined after Dephi survey and provided in consensus meeting in 2023. The consensus meetings resulted in the agreement on seven core outcomes: Pain Level, Breast Establishment: infant, Breast Establishment: maternal, Breast Maintenance, Client satisfaction: care, Sleep, and Family Support during Treatment. Specifically, the unique outcomes for the three stages were identified as Breastfeeding Maintenance, Infection Severity and Wound Healing: Primary Intention, respectively. The unique outcomes for the five interventions included Pain level, Infection Severity, Wound Healing: Primary Intention, Comfort and Knowledge: breastfeeding, respectively.
Conclusion:
Based on an evidence-based, consensus-driven approach, the core outcome set incorporates the perspectives of key stakeholders. It is recommended that all core outcomes be reported in both lactational mastitis nursing research and clinical quality control and audit. Unique outcomes should be reported based on the stages of lactational mastitis and types of interventions.
Impact:
The core outcome set and unique outcomes developed by our study could provide nursing researchers and clinical practitioners with sensitive outcomes for lactational mastitis, while also promoting standardisation. Utilising these outcomes could enhance comparability among studies, reduce reporting bias and promote standardised evaluation of practice effectiveness.
Reporting Method:
Findings are reported per Core Outcome Set-STAndards for Reporting: COS-STAR Statement.
Patient Or Public Contribution:
None.
Trial Registration:
https://www.comet-initiative.org/Studies/Details/1650.
Related Concept Videos
01:29Nursing Interventions II: Selecting and Classifying the Nursing Interventions
01:11Guidelines for Writing Outcome
Patient outcomes reflect the patient's response to the goal rather than what the nurse aims to achieve. Terminology should be observable and measurable to avoid the reader's interpretation. The desired outcome should be realistic and achievable in the designated care timeframe. Expected outcomes should align with adjunctive therapies. The outcome should enhance care...
01:15Nursing Evaluation
01:03Nursing Interventions I: Taxonomy of Nursing Interventions
A nursing intervention is a treatment or action based on scientific concepts and knowledge from the nursing, behavioral, and physical sciences. Identifying and prioritizing nursing interventions based on the desired outcome...
01:27Nursing Clinical Information System
A Nursing Clinical Information System (NCIS) is a specialized type of healthcare information system tailored to meet the unique needs of nursing practice. It incorporates the principles of nursing informatics to streamline information management and improve the quality of care delivery.
Critical attributes of NCIS include:
01:08Role of Communication in the Nursing Process III: Evaluation and Documentation