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Related Concept Videos

Molecular and Ionic Solids02:54

Molecular and Ionic Solids

16.5K
Crystalline solids are divided into four types: molecular, ionic, metallic, and covalent network based on the type of constituent units and their interparticle interactions.
Molecular Solids
Molecular crystalline solids, such as ice, sucrose (table sugar), and iodine, are solids that are composed of neutral molecules as their constituent units. These molecules are held together by weak intermolecular forces such as London dispersion forces, dipole-dipole interactions, or hydrogen bonds, which...
16.5K
Ionic Crystal Structures02:42

Ionic Crystal Structures

13.9K
Ionic crystals consist of two or more different kinds of ions that usually have different sizes. The packing of these ions into a crystal structure is more complex than the packing of metal atoms that are the same size.
Most monatomic ions behave as charged spheres, and their attraction for ions of opposite charge is the same in every direction. Consequently, stable structures for ionic compounds result (1) when ions of one charge are surrounded by as many ions as possible of the opposite...
13.9K
Polymer Classification: Crystallinity01:21

Polymer Classification: Crystallinity

2.7K
Unlike ionic or small covalent molecules, polymers do not form crystalline solids due to the diffusion limitations of their long-chain structures. However, polymers contain microscopic crystalline domains separated by amorphous domains.
Crystalline domains are the regions where polymer chains are aligned in an orderly manner and held together in proximity by intermolecular forces. For example, chains in the crystalline domains of polyethylene and nylon are bound together by van der Waals...
2.7K
Ionic Bonding and Electron Transfer02:48

Ionic Bonding and Electron Transfer

39.1K
Ions are atoms or molecules bearing an electrical charge. A cation (a positive ion) forms when a neutral atom loses one or more electrons from its valence shell, and an anion (a negative ion) forms when a neutral atom gains one or more electrons in its valence shell. Compounds composed of ions are called ionic compounds (or salts), and their constituent ions are held together by ionic bonds: electrostatic forces of attraction between oppositely charged cations and anions. 
39.1K
Trends in Lattice Energy: Ion Size and Charge02:54

Trends in Lattice Energy: Ion Size and Charge

23.4K
An ionic compound is stable because of the electrostatic attraction between its positive and negative ions. The lattice energy of a compound is a measure of the strength of this attraction. The lattice energy (ΔHlattice) of an ionic compound is defined as the energy required to separate one mole of the solid into its component gaseous ions. For the ionic solid sodium chloride, the lattice energy is the enthalpy change of the process:
23.4K
Metallic Solids02:37

Metallic Solids

18.0K
Metallic solids such as crystals of copper, aluminum, and iron are formed by metal atoms. The structure of metallic crystals is often described as a uniform distribution of atomic nuclei within a “sea” of delocalized electrons. The atoms within such a metallic solid are held together by a unique force known as metallic bonding that gives rise to many useful and varied bulk properties.
All metallic solids exhibit high thermal and electrical conductivity, metallic luster, and...
18.0K

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Updated: May 7, 2025

From Molecules to Materials: Engineering New Ionic Liquid Crystals Through Halogen Bonding
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From Molecules to Materials: Engineering New Ionic Liquid Crystals Through Halogen Bonding

Published on: March 24, 2018

68.9K

Compressed ionic plastic crystals are cool.

Josep-Lluís Tamarit1, Pol Lloveras1

  • 1Grup de Caracterització de Materials, Departament de Física and Barcelona Research Center in Multiscale Science and Engineering, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, EEBE, Campus Diagonal-Besòs, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain.

Science (New York, N.Y.)
|January 2, 2025
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

A new family of materials shows a significant thermal response at temperatures below freezing. This discovery could advance technologies requiring precise temperature control in cold environments.

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Thermodynamics
  • Solid-State Physics

Background:

  • Understanding material properties at subambient temperatures is crucial for various technological applications.
  • Existing materials often lack significant thermal response in cold conditions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To identify and characterize a novel family of materials with substantial thermal response below 0°C.
  • To explore the potential applications of these materials in subambient thermal management.

Main Methods:

  • Synthesis of a new class of materials.
  • Thermal analysis techniques, including differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA).
  • Temperature-dependent property measurements.

Main Results:

  • The newly developed materials demonstrate a pronounced thermal response at subambient temperatures.
  • The magnitude of the thermal response exceeds that of conventional materials in the same temperature range.

Conclusions:

  • A new family of materials with significant thermal properties at subambient temperatures has been discovered.
  • These materials hold promise for applications in areas such as thermal energy storage and temperature regulation in cold climates.