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Related Concept Videos

Superconductor01:24

Superconductor

1.0K
A substance that reaches superconductivity, a state in which magnetic fields cannot penetrate, and there is no electrical resistance, is referred to as a superconductor. In 1911, Heike Kamerlingh Onnes of Leiden University, a Dutch physicist, observed a relation between the temperature and the resistance of the element mercury. The mercury sample was then cooled in liquid helium to study the linear dependence of resistance on temperature. It was observed that, as the temperature decreased, the...
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Globular and Fibrous Proteins02:21

Globular and Fibrous Proteins

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Many proteins can be classified into two distinct subtypes - globular or fibrous. These two types differ in their shapes and solubilities.
Globular proteins are also known as spheroproteins and typically are approximately round in shape. They contain a mix of amino acid types and contain differing sequences in their primary structures. Globular proteins have many different functions, such as enzymes, cellular messengers, and molecular transporters. These roles often require the proteins to be...
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Spin–Spin Coupling Constant: Overview01:08

Spin–Spin Coupling Constant: Overview

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In bromoethane, the three methyl protons are coupled to the two methylene protons that are three bonds away. In accordance with the n+1 rule, the signal from the methyl protons is split into three peaks with 1:2:1 relative intensities. The methylene protons appear as a quartet, with the relative intensities of 1:3:3:1.
Qualitatively, any spin plus-half nucleus polarizes the spins of its electrons to the minus-half state. Consequently, the paired electron in the hydrogen–carbon bond must...
840
Spin–Spin Coupling: Three-Bond Coupling (Vicinal Coupling)01:22

Spin–Spin Coupling: Three-Bond Coupling (Vicinal Coupling)

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Vicinal or three-bond coupling is commonly observed between protons attached to adjacent carbons. Here, nuclear spin information is primarily transferred via electron spin interactions between adjacent C‑H bond orbitals. This generally favors the antiparallel arrangement of spins, so 3J values are usually positive.
The extent of coupling depends on the C‑C bond length, the two H‑C‑C angles, any electron-withdrawing substituents, and the dihedral angle between the...
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Spin–Spin Coupling: Two-Bond Coupling (Geminal Coupling)01:20

Spin–Spin Coupling: Two-Bond Coupling (Geminal Coupling)

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Two NMR-active nuclei bonded to a central atom can be involved in geminal or two-bond coupling. Geminal coupling is commonly seen between diastereotopic protons in chiral molecules and unsymmetrical alkenes, among others.
The central atom need not be NMR-active because its electrons are affected by the electron polarization of the spin-active atoms. However, spin information is transmitted less effectively than in one-bond coupling, and 2J values are usually weaker than 1J values. The energy of...
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Spin–Spin Coupling: One-Bond Coupling01:17

Spin–Spin Coupling: One-Bond Coupling

905
Coupling interactions are strongest between NMR-active nuclei bonded to each other, where spin information can be transmitted directly through the pair of bonding electrons. While nuclei polarize their electrons to the opposite spins, the bonding electron pair has opposite spins. Configurations with antiparallel nuclear spins are expected to be lower in energy. When coupling makes antiparallel states more favorable, J is considered to have a positive value. The one-bond coupling constant, 1J,...
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Phase Diagram Characterization Using Magnetic Beads as Liquid Carriers
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Multiphase superconductivity in PdBi2.

Lewis Powell1, Wenjun Kuang2,3, Gabriel Hawkins-Pottier2

  • 1Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK. lewis.powell@manchester.ac.uk.

Nature Communications
|January 2, 2025
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

A magnetic field triggers a phase transition in the superconductor β-PdBi₂, shifting from conventional s-wave to nodal pairing. This reveals unconventional superconductivity driven by spin effects in non-magnetic materials.

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Area of Science:

  • Condensed Matter Physics
  • Materials Science
  • Quantum Materials

Background:

  • Unconventional superconductivity typically involves magnetic correlations, as seen in cuprates and heavy fermion systems.
  • Materials with strong spin-orbit coupling can exhibit complex superconducting phases and field-induced transitions.
  • β-PdBi₂ is a layered, non-magnetic superconductor with potential for exotic superconducting states.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the nature of superconductivity in β-PdBi₂ under an applied magnetic field.
  • To explore the possibility of unconventional pairing mechanisms in this material.
  • To reconcile conflicting experimental observations regarding superconducting gaps in β-PdBi₂.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized tunnelling spectroscopy on thin β-PdBi₂ monocrystals.
  • Fabricated planar superconductor-insulator-normal metal junctions.
  • Applied in-plane magnetic fields and analyzed superconducting properties.

Main Results:

  • Observed a distinct discontinuity in superconducting properties with increasing in-plane magnetic field.
  • This discontinuity indicates a transition from conventional (s-wave) to nodal pairing.
  • Theoretical analysis supports spin polarization and spin-momentum locking as driving factors.

Conclusions:

  • A magnetic-field-driven phase transition to unconventional, possibly p-wave, pairing occurs in β-PdBi₂.
  • The transition is attributed to broken inversion symmetry, spin polarization, and spin-momentum locking.
  • This reconciles previous findings of single s-wave gaps with predictions of multigap superconductivity.