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Attomolar-sensitive milk fever sensor using 3D-printed multiplex sensing structures.

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A new 3D-printed sensor detects subclinical hypocalcemia (SCH) in dairy cows by measuring calcium and phosphate levels in milk. This low-cost, rapid test aids early diagnosis and improves herd health management.

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Area of Science:

  • Biomedical Engineering
  • Animal Science
  • Sensor Technology

Background:

  • Milk fever (hypocalcemia) significantly impacts the dairy industry economically.
  • Identifying subclinical hypocalcemia (SCH) in transition dairy cows is challenging.
  • Early detection of SCH in milk can improve cow health and productivity.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop an attomolar-sensitive sensor for detecting the calcium-to-phosphate ratio in milk.
  • To enable early, on-site diagnosis of subclinical hypocalcemia in dairy cows.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized extrusion-based 3D-printed sensing structures with unique geometries and wrinkled surfaces.
  • Developed a sensor to detect the ratio of ionized calcium to phosphate levels in milk.
  • Validated the sensor using real milk and blood samples, comparing results with commercial meters.

Main Results:

  • Achieved a limit of detection down to the attomole (138 aM) concentration.
  • Demonstrated high selectivity for detecting the calcium-to-phosphate ratio.
  • Sensor provides fast response times (~10 seconds) and is low-cost.

Conclusions:

  • The developed 3D-printed sensor is a promising tool for farm-side diagnostics of dairy cows.
  • This technology can expedite treatment for subclinical hypocalcemia, improving herd health and management.
  • Enables on-site testing for early disease indication and best practice management.