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Prevalence and risk factors of long COVID-19 persisting for 2 years in Hainan Province: a population-based

Daya Zhang1,2, Chen Chen1,2, Yunqian Xie2,3

  • 1The Second School of Clinical Medicine, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, 571199, China.

Scientific Reports
|January 3, 2025
PubMed

Insights

Approximately 12.5% of individuals experience long COVID-19 symptoms for up to two years. Key risk factors include older age, severe infection, chronic illness, and anxiety, highlighting the need for ongoing monitoring and intervention strategies for persistent COVID-19 effects.

Area of Science:

  • Infectious Diseases
  • Public Health
  • Epidemiology

Background:

  • Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) can result in prolonged symptoms and medical complications beyond the acute infection phase.
  • Understanding the long-term impact of COVID-19 is crucial for effective healthcare management and public health strategies.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To determine the prevalence and identify risk factors associated with long COVID-19 persisting for two years in Hainan Province, China.
  • To provide data that aids in the recognition, prevention, and treatment of long-term COVID-19 complications.

Main Methods:

  • A cohort of 960 individuals with confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection in Hainan, China, were recruited between July and August 2022.
  • An epidemiological questionnaire administered via phone interviews assessed participants' recovery status after a two-year follow-up period.

Main Results:

  • 12.5% (120/960) of participants reported at least one long COVID-19 complication after two years.
  • The most frequent symptoms included cough (33.3%), fatigue (25.9%), hair loss (23.3%), and dizziness (20.8%).
  • Independent risk factors for long COVID-19 were identified as age over 65, moderate to severe infection, chronic diseases, irregular diet, late sleeping, anxiety, and fewer than two vaccinations.

Conclusions:

  • While most COVID-19 patients recover fully, a significant proportion experience persistent symptoms, indicating the need for long-term health monitoring.
  • This study offers the longest follow-up to date on long COVID-19 incidence and risk factors, contributing valuable insights for clinical practice and public health interventions.

Keywords:
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)Initial recoveryLong COVID-19PrevalenceRisk factors

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