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Radiocarbon monoxide indicates increasing atmospheric oxidizing capacity.

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Area of Science:

  • Atmospheric Chemistry
  • Climate Science
  • Environmental Monitoring

Background:

  • Hydroxyl (OH) is the primary atmospheric oxidant, crucial for removing pollutants like methane.
  • Directly measuring OH abundance is challenging due to its short atmospheric lifetime.
  • Previous estimates of OH trends derived from trace gas data and models have shown inconsistencies.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate long-term trends in atmospheric hydroxyl (OH) abundance.
  • To utilize radiocarbon monoxide (¹⁴CO) as a tracer for OH concentrations.
  • To reconcile conflicting OH trend estimates and understand factors driving these changes.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of Southern-Hemisphere ¹⁴CO measurements, including data from New Zealand and Antarctica.
  • Comparison of ¹⁴CO data with atmospheric models to infer OH concentration changes.
  • Model sensitivity simulations to identify drivers of observed OH trends.

Main Results:

  • Southern-Hemisphere ¹⁴CO data indicate a significant increase in atmospheric OH levels since 1997.
  • New Zealand ¹⁴CO data show an annual-mean decrease of 12 ± 2%.
  • Antarctic ¹⁴CO data reveal a December-January decrease of 43 ± 24%, both implying similar OH increases.

Conclusions:

  • Atmospheric hydroxyl (OH) has been globally increasing in recent decades.
  • Observed OH trends are influenced by methane, nitrogen oxides, ozone depletion, and global warming.
  • The findings imply that methane emissions may be increasing more than previously reported.