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Factor associated with and risk of cardiovascular disease in people with uncontrolled hypertension
Sara Ringwald-de Meyer1, Roxane de La Harpe2, Peter Vollenweider2
1Department of Medicine, Division of Internal Medicine, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Rue du Bugnon 46, 1011, Lausanne, Switzerland. svdemeyer@gmail.com.
Insights
Uncontrolled hypertension is linked to heavy alcohol use, obesity, and education level. Researchers identified key factors associated with uncontrolled blood pressure, suggesting potential for early identification and intervention strategies.
Area of Science:
- Cardiovascular Health
- Hypertension Research
- Public Health
Background:
- Hypertension is a global health concern, with uncontrolled cases posing significant risks.
- Identifying factors associated with uncontrolled hypertension is crucial for effective management and prevention.
Purpose of the Study:
- To identify and validate factors associated with uncontrolled hypertension.
- To evaluate the prospective association of uncontrolled hypertension with cardiovascular disease and all-cause mortality.
Main Methods:
- Analysis of 1040 participants from the CoLaus|PsyCoLaus study (2003-2006).
- Investigated associations between hypertension status (uncontrolled vs. controlled) and potential risk factors.
- Prospective evaluation of uncontrolled hypertension's link to cardiovascular disease and mortality over a 12.3-year follow-up.
Main Results:
- Heavy alcohol consumption, increased Body Mass Index (BMI), elevated ferritin, and albuminuria were positively associated with uncontrolled hypertension.
- University degree, current smoking, and high urinary potassium excretion were inversely associated with uncontrolled hypertension.
- Uncontrolled hypertension was not significantly associated with incident atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) or all-cause mortality in this cohort.
Conclusions:
- Uncontrolled hypertension is associated with modifiable lifestyle factors including heavy drinking, obesity, and educational attainment.
- Biological markers like urinary potassium, ferritin, and albuminuria may aid in identifying individuals at risk for uncontrolled hypertension.
- Further research is warranted to explore the clinical utility of these biological markers for early hypertension management.
Abstract:
We aimed to identify and validate factors related to uncontrolled hypertension. Participants treated with at least one antihypertensive drug from the prospective contemporaneous CoLaus|PsyCoLaus study were enrolled. We investigated the association between hypertension status (uncontrolled, defined as systolic blood pressure [SBP] ≥ 140 mm Hg and/or diastolic blood pressure [DBP] ≥ 90 mm Hg, versus controlled hypertension [SBP/DBP < 140/90 mm Hg]) and potential risk factors. Additionally, the prospective association of uncontrolled hypertension with cardiovascular disease and all-cause mortality was evaluated. 1040 participants recruited between 2003 and 2006 with a mean follow-up of 12.3 years (SD ± 3.4) were included in the analyses. Heavy alcohol consumption, increased BMI, increased ferritin and albuminuria were positively associated with uncontrolled hypertension. Factors inversely associated with uncontrolled hypertension were university degree, current smoker, and high potassium urinary excretion. Uncontrolled hypertension status was not associated with incident ASCVD nor all-cause mortality in our study. In conclusion, uncontrolled hypertension was associated with modifiable factors, such as heavy drinking, obesity and level of education. Further studies should investigate whether including biological markers in clinical practice, such as potassium excretion, ferritin levels, or albuminuria, would help identify individuals who may develop uncontrolled hypertension.
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