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Related Concept Videos

Electrocardiogram01:29

Electrocardiogram

An electrocardiogram (ECG or EKG) is a critical diagnostic tool that records the electrical signals produced by the heart during each heartbeat. This recording is achieved through electrodes placed strategically on the arms, legs, and chest. The electrocardiograph amplifies these signals and produces 12 distinct tracings, offering a comprehensive understanding of the heart's electrical activity.
Three major waveforms are present in a typical ECG recording: the P wave, the QRS complex, and the T...

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Doppler Optical Coherence Tomography of Retinal Circulation
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Heart-retina time analysis using electrocardiogram-coupled time-resolved dynamic optical coherence tomography.

Philippe Valmaggia1,2,3, Julia Wolleb4, Florentin Bieder4

  • 1Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Basel, Hegenheimermattweg 167b/c, 4123, Allschwil, Switzerland. philippe.valmaggia@unibas.ch.

Scientific Reports
|January 3, 2025
PubMed
Summary

Researchers developed a novel method combining electrocardiogram (ECG) and optical coherence tomography (OCT) to measure heart-retina time (HRT). This new technique quantifies blood flow dynamics to the retina, offering a potential biomarker for cardiovascular health.

Keywords:
Cardiac cycleDynamic optical coherence tomographyElectrocardiogramHeart-retina timeRetinal blood flow

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Area of Science:

  • Ophthalmology
  • Cardiology
  • Biomedical Engineering

Background:

  • The eye and heart are closely linked, with cardiovascular diseases often manifesting ocular symptoms.
  • Understanding retinal blood flow dynamics is crucial for diagnosing and managing systemic conditions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a synchronized method for monitoring cardiac cycle and retinal blood flow.
  • To establish a metric for quantifying blood flow propagation time from the heart to the retina.

Main Methods:

  • Coupling electrocardiogram (ECG) with time-resolved dynamic optical coherence tomography (OCT).
  • Utilizing fringe washout analysis to calculate time-resolved blood flow velocity profiles in retinal arterioles.
  • Measuring the time delay between cardiac systole and blood arrival at the optic nerve head rim.

Main Results:

  • Successfully synchronized ECG and dynamic OCT measurements.
  • Calculated time-resolved blood flow velocity profiles in retinal arterioles.
  • Determined the heart-retina time (HRT) in healthy subjects as 144 ± 19 ms.

Conclusions:

  • The developed method enables continuous, synchronized monitoring of cardiac and retinal blood flow.
  • Heart-retina time (HRT) represents the propagation time of blood flow within a single cardiac cycle.
  • HRT shows potential as a novel, non-invasive biomarker for assessing cardiovascular health and retinal perfusion.