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Related Concept Videos

Oogenesis02:07

Oogenesis

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In human women, oogenesis produces one mature egg cell or ovum for every precursor cell that enters meiosis. This process differs in two unique ways from the equivalent procedure of spermatogenesis in males. First, meiotic divisions during oogenesis are asymmetric, meaning that a large oocyte (containing most of the cytoplasm) and minor polar body are produced as a result of meiosis I, and again following meiosis II. Since only oocytes will go on to form embryos if fertilized, this unequal...
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Meiosis II02:02

Meiosis II

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Meiosis II entails cell division and segregation of the sister chromatids, resulting in the production of four unique haploid gametes. The steps for meiosis II are similar to mitosis, except that meiosis II occurs in haploid cells, whereas mitosis occurs in diploid cells.
The timing and cell division patterns of meiosis differ between males and females. In male meiosis, the centrosomes are part of the formation of the meiotic spindle. However, in oocytes, including that of humans, Drosophila,...
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Meiosis I03:09

Meiosis I

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Meiosis is the division of a diploid cell into haploid cells forming sperm and eggs in animals through differentiation. Meiosis I is the first stage of meiosis, where the genetic recombination of homologous chromosomes and the reduction of the ploidy level by half occurs.
Prophase I is the most extended and complex step of meiosis I characterized by synapsis, chromosome pairing, and recombination of the homologous chromosomes. This process is facilitated by a proteinaceous structure called the...
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Meiosis vs. Mitosis02:57

Meiosis vs. Mitosis

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Cell division is necessary for growth and reproduction in organisms. Mitosis aids cell growth and development by dividing somatic cells. In contrast, meiosis causes the division of germ cells and plays an essential role in sexual reproduction. Due to their unique functional requirements, mitosis and meiosis differ from each other in multiple aspects.
Before the start of mitosis and meiosis I, the cell synthesizes DNA, resulting in two homologous copies of each chromosome. DNA synthesis is...
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Nondisjunction01:21

Nondisjunction

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Nondisjunction is the failure of homologous chromosomes or sister chromatids to separate correctly and move to the opposite poles of the cells. This produces daughter cells with abnormal chromosome numbers.  Nondisjunction is common during anaphase I or anaphase II of meiosis.  Mutations in synaptonemal complex proteins that attach homologous chromosomes increase the chances of nondisjunction in anaphase I of meiosis I. In contrast, mutations in topoisomerases and condensins that hold...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 4, 2025

Analysis of Chromosome Segregation, Histone Acetylation, and Spindle Morphology in Horse Oocytes
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CALB1 and RPL23 Are Essential for Maintaining Oocyte Quality and Function During Aging.

Yingxue Han1, Zihuan Du2, Hao Wu1

  • 1State Key Laboratory of Animal Biotech Breeding, National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding, Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of the Ministry of Agriculture, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China.

Aging Cell
|January 3, 2025
PubMed
Summary

Female oocyte aging involves disrupted calcium ion homeostasis, impacting fertility. Key genes CALB1 and RPL23 are crucial for maintaining oocyte quality and function.

Keywords:
CALB1RPL23agingcalciummitochondrialoocyte

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Last Updated: Jun 4, 2025

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Area of Science:

  • Reproductive Biology
  • Molecular Biology
  • Aging Research

Background:

  • Female reproductive system undergoes significant age-related changes.
  • Oocyte quality decline is a primary factor affecting female fertility.
  • Mechanisms of oocyte aging are not fully understood.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To elucidate the molecular mechanisms underlying oocyte aging in mice.
  • To identify key genes and pathways involved in age-related oocyte dysfunction.
  • To explore potential therapeutic targets for improving fertility in aging females.

Main Methods:

  • Single-cell transcriptome sequencing of oocytes from aged and young female mice.
  • Comparative analysis with existing proteomic data.
  • Experimental validation including gene knockdown and overexpression studies.

Main Results:

  • Aging oocytes exhibit disrupted calcium ion homeostasis.
  • CALB1 and RPL23 identified as key genes in oocyte aging.
  • CALB1 and RPL23 knockdown leads to mitochondrial dysfunction, ROS accumulation, and meiotic defects.
  • Overexpression of CALB1 and RPL23 partially rescues age-related oocyte defects.

Conclusions:

  • Calcium ion homeostasis disruption is a hallmark of oocyte aging.
  • CALB1 and RPL23 play critical roles in maintaining oocyte quality and function.
  • This study provides insights into age-related reproductive decline and identifies potential targets for intervention.