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The severity of the first occurrence of bronchiolitis increased the risk of developing asthma symptoms

Cedric Agossah1,2, Julien Marie1, Yasmine Bendoukha3,4

  • 1Department of Paediatrics, CHU de Caen, Caen, France.

Acta Paediatrica (Oslo, Norway : 1992)
|January 3, 2025
PubMed

Insights

Infants hospitalized for severe bronchiolitis in a pediatric intensive care unit (PICU) face a higher risk of developing asthma. Early asthma symptoms appeared 3 years sooner in the PICU group compared to the ward group.

Area of Science:

  • Pediatric respiratory medicine
  • Clinical immunology
  • Epidemiology

Background:

  • Bronchiolitis is a common viral respiratory infection in infants.
  • The link between severe bronchiolitis and the subsequent development of asthma is not fully understood.
  • Asthma is a chronic respiratory disease affecting millions worldwide.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate if infants hospitalized with bronchiolitis in a pediatric intensive care unit (PICU) have a higher risk of developing asthma.
  • To compare asthma development in children admitted to a PICU versus a general pediatric ward for their first bronchiolitis episode.

Main Methods:

  • Retrospective study of 178 infants hospitalized for first-time bronchiolitis (2010-2014).
  • Two groups: 89 admitted to a pediatric ward, 89 to a PICU.
  • Asthma diagnosis assessed up to age 6 using the Global Initiative for Asthma criteria.

Main Results:

  • 35% of the PICU group developed asthma by age 6, compared to 19% in the ward group.
  • Asthma onset was significantly earlier in the PICU group (mean difference of 3 years).
  • Higher severity of the initial bronchiolitis episode correlated with increased asthma risk.

Conclusions:

  • Severe first-episode bronchiolitis requiring PICU admission increases the risk of developing asthma.
  • Infants admitted to PICUs for bronchiolitis warrant regular follow-up for early asthma detection.
  • Understanding this link can inform clinical management and long-term respiratory health strategies.
Abstract

Keywords:
asthmabronchiolitisintensive carepreschool wheezingrisk factors

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