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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 5, 2026

Empirical, Metagenomic, and Computational Techniques Illuminate the Mechanisms by which Fungicides Compromise Bee Health
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An Evidence-based rationale for a North American commercial bumble bee clean stock certification program.

James P Strange1, Sheila R Colla2, Laurie Davies Adams3

  • 1Department of Entomology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43214.

Journal of Pollination Ecology
|January 3, 2025
PubMed
Summary

Commercial bumble bee production risks pathogen spillover to wild pollinators. Developing a clean stock program with best management practices is recommended to mitigate disease risk and protect wild bee populations.

Keywords:
Bombusbumble beeclean stockdiseasemanagementparasitepathogen

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Area of Science:

  • Ecology
  • Entomology
  • Agriculture

Background:

  • Commercial bumble bee use for crop pollination is expanding globally.
  • Pathogen spillover from managed to wild pollinators is a significant concern.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To recommend a disease risk mitigation program for commercial bumble bee production.
  • To provide best management practices for rearing clean commercial bumble bee stock.

Main Methods:

  • Review of current commercial bumble bee rearing practices.
  • Identification of disease transmission pathways.
  • Development of a clean stock program framework.

Main Results:

  • Commercial bumble bee production can harbor and transmit pathogens.
  • A structured clean stock program is essential for disease mitigation.
  • Best practices should encompass rearing, wax, pollen, and nesting materials.

Conclusions:

  • Implementing a clean stock program reduces disease risk to wild pollinators.
  • Mitigating disease in managed bees supports broader pollinator health.
  • Standardized best management practices are crucial for sustainable commercial bee production.