Application of Mendelian randomization in thyroid diseases: a review

Area of Science:

• Genetics
• Epidemiology
• Endocrinology

Background:

• Thyroid diseases are common, impacting quality of life and healthcare costs.
• Pathophysiology of many thyroid conditions is poorly understood, hindering effective management.
• Observational studies have limitations in establishing causality for thyroid diseases.

Purpose of the Study:

• To review Mendelian randomization studies on thyroid disease etiology.
• To categorize thyroid diseases into dysfunction and cancer for focused review.
• To propose new approaches for investigating thyroid disease mechanisms and interventions.

Main Methods:

• Literature review of Mendelian randomization studies.
• Categorization of thyroid diseases (dysfunction and cancer).
• Analysis of genetic epidemiology methods for etiological research.

Main Results:

• Mendelian randomization is a valuable tool for studying thyroid disease causes.
• Existing studies provide insights into genetic links for thyroid dysfunction and cancer.
• Gaps in knowledge highlight the need for further etiological research.

Conclusions:

• Mendelian randomization offers robust etiological insights into thyroid diseases.
• Further research is needed to elucidate mechanisms and develop targeted interventions.
• Genetics and epidemiology combined can advance thyroid disease prevention and treatment.