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Principles of Disease Surveillance01:26

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Disease surveillance is the systematic collection, analysis, and interpretation of health data essential to the planning, implementation, and evaluation of public health practice. This process integrates data dissemination to entities responsible for preventing and controlling disease, injury, and disability. Surveillance systems provide crucial information for action, helping public health authorities make informed decisions to manage and prevent outbreaks, ensure public safety, optimize...
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Community-based snakebite risk mapping for resource prioritisation in Eastern Province, Rwanda.

Dileepa Senajith Ediriweera1,2, Dieudonne Hakizimana3,4, Peter J Diggle2,5

  • 1Health Data Science Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Kelaniya, Ragama 11010, Sri Lanka.

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Summary

Snakebite risk varies significantly in Rwanda's Eastern Province, with the highest incidence concentrated in the southwest. This mapping helps prioritize resources for snakebite prevention and treatment in high-risk areas.

Keywords:
Africageostatisticsneglected tropical diseasesnakebitespatial analysis

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Area of Science:

  • Epidemiology
  • Public Health
  • Spatial Analysis

Background:

  • Snakebite envenoming is a critical medical emergency, particularly in resource-limited settings.
  • Accurate snakebite incidence mapping is vital for evidence-based policymaking and resource allocation.
  • This study focused on characterizing spatial variations in snakebite risk within Rwanda's Eastern Province.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To map snakebite risk across Eastern Province, Rwanda.
  • To identify specific geographic areas with high and low snakebite incidence.
  • To inform targeted interventions and resource prioritization for snakebite management.

Main Methods:

  • Conducted snakebite surveillance in 2020 through household visits and case verification across six districts.
  • Utilized geostatistical modeling and predictive mapping techniques.
  • Developed sector-level and district-level risk maps based on data from 617 villages.

Main Results:

  • Documented 1217 snakebite cases across six districts.
  • Estimated an overall population-weighted snakebite incidence of 440 per 100,000 people annually.
  • Identified Gashanda and Jarama sectors in the southwest with incidence rates exceeding 1500 per 100,000, while the north showed the lowest rates.

Conclusions:

  • Significant spatial heterogeneity in snakebite risk exists within Eastern Province.
  • The southwestern sectors (Gashanda and Jarama) exhibit the highest snakebite risk.
  • Recommendations include prioritizing snakebite prevention, essential medicines, and healthcare worker training in high-risk southwestern regions.