Broad Evidence Triangulation Should Be Established for a Valid and Robust Causal Relation Between Air Pollution and
Tongyu Gao1, Hao Zhang1, Yu Yan1
1Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China.
Abstract:
This letter aims to provide valuable insights into broader evidence triangulation (i.e., a well-designed primary association analysis followed by elaborate approaches to control residual confounding effects from various design and modeling perspectives) for clarifying the association between air pollutants and health outcomes. It also highlights the importance of selecting appropriate instrumental variable for instrument-based causal modeling, emphasizing that all causal questions can be effectively addressed within the Mendelian randomization framework.
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