Transverse Momentum Distributions from Lattice QCD without Wilson Lines

Area of Science:

• High Energy Physics
• Quantum Chromodynamics
• Computational Physics

Background:

• Transverse-momentum-dependent distributions (TMDs) are crucial for understanding hadron structure.
• Current lattice QCD calculations of TMDs face challenges in statistical precision and renormalization.

Purpose of the Study:

• To develop a novel method for calculating TMDs using lattice QCD.
• To improve the statistical precision and simplify the renormalization of TMD calculations.
• To enhance the predictive power of lattice QCD in the nonperturbative regime.

Main Methods:

• Calculating quark and gluon correlators in the Coulomb gauge on a Euclidean lattice.
• Expressing gauge-invariant TMDs using Coulomb-gauge-dressed fields.
• Matching quasi-TMDs from large-momentum effective theory to TMDs via factorization formulas derived from soft collinear effective theory.

Main Results:

• A new method for computing TMDs from lattice QCD correlators is established.
• The method offers improved statistical precision and simplified renormalization for time-reversal-even TMDs.
• The factorization formula is derived and verified at one-loop order.

Conclusions:

• The proposed lattice QCD approach significantly enhances the predicative power for nonperturbative TMDs.
• This method provides a more precise and manageable way to study hadron structure.
• It paves the way for more advanced investigations into the nonperturbative dynamics of quantum chromodynamics.