Rare Mandibular Surgical Ciliated Cysts: First Case Reported in a Brazilian.

Area of Science:

• Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery
• Pathology
• Surgical Oncology

Background:

• Surgical ciliated cysts are rare, benign cystic lesions.
• Orthognathic surgery involves complex bone resections and reconstructions.
• Long-term follow-up of orthognathic surgery patients is crucial for detecting complications.

Purpose of the Study:

• To report the first documented case of a mandibular surgical ciliated cyst in a Brazilian patient.
• To highlight the diagnostic challenges and key features of this rare condition.
• To emphasize the importance of a comprehensive diagnostic approach.

Main Methods:

• A 43-year-old female patient presented with a mandibular cyst.
• The patient had a history of orthognathic surgery involving Le Fort I osteotomy and genioplasty.
• The cyst was surgically enucleated, and histopathological analysis was performed.

Main Results:

• Histopathology revealed a cystic cavity lined by pseudostratified columnar respiratory-type epithelium with ciliated and mucous cells.
• The surrounding connective tissue showed no signs of inflammation.
• The diagnosis of mandibular surgical ciliated cyst was confirmed.

Conclusions:

• Mandibular surgical ciliated cysts can develop long after orthognathic surgery.
• Diagnosis necessitates integrating clinical, imaging, histopathological, and patient history data.
• This case underscores the importance of considering iatrogenic factors in cyst development.