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Calcium Carbonate from Anadara granosa Shells Stimulates FGF2, TGF-β1, and Collagen Type 1 Expression in Rat Dental
Widya Saraswati1, Azlin Noor Yahya2, Yovita Yonas3
1Department of Conservative Dentistry, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia.
Objectives:
Calcium carbonate (CaCO3), a major inorganic component in bones and teeth, offers potential protection against demineralization. This study investigates the effect of CaCO3 from Anadara granosa shells on the expression of fibroblast growth factor 2 (FGF2), transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1), and collagen type 1 in the rat dental pulp.
Materials And Methods:
The first maxillary molars of Rattus norvegicus were perforated and subsequently pulp capped with CaCO3 extracted from A. granosa shells. The cavities were then filled with glass ionomer cement, while the control group received calcium hydroxide (Ca(OH)2). Teeth were extracted after 7 and 14 days of treatment, and the expression of FGF2, TGF-β1, and collagen type 1 in the dental pulp was analyzed using immunohistochemistry staining.
Results:
The group treated with CaCO3 from A. granosa shells exhibited significantly higher expression of FGF2, TGF-β1, and collagen type 1 in the dental pulp at both 7 and 14 days compared with the group treated with Ca(OH)2 (p < 0.01).
Conclusion:
The application of CaCO3 derived from A. granosa shells enhances the proliferative phase in the dental pulp after pulp perforation and perhaps promotes reparative dentine formation.
