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Related Concept Videos

Ionic Crystal Structures02:42

Ionic Crystal Structures

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Ionic crystals consist of two or more different kinds of ions that usually have different sizes. The packing of these ions into a crystal structure is more complex than the packing of metal atoms that are the same size.
Most monatomic ions behave as charged spheres, and their attraction for ions of opposite charge is the same in every direction. Consequently, stable structures for ionic compounds result (1) when ions of one charge are surrounded by as many ions as possible of the opposite...
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Ionic Bonding and Electron Transfer02:48

Ionic Bonding and Electron Transfer

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Ions are atoms or molecules bearing an electrical charge. A cation (a positive ion) forms when a neutral atom loses one or more electrons from its valence shell, and an anion (a negative ion) forms when a neutral atom gains one or more electrons in its valence shell. Compounds composed of ions are called ionic compounds (or salts), and their constituent ions are held together by ionic bonds: electrostatic forces of attraction between oppositely charged cations and anions. 
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Lattice Centering and Coordination Number02:33

Lattice Centering and Coordination Number

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The structure of a crystalline solid, whether a metal or not, is best described by considering its simplest repeating unit, which is referred to as its unit cell. The unit cell consists of lattice points that represent the locations of atoms or ions. The entire structure then consists of this unit cell repeating in three dimensions. The three different types of unit cells present in the cubic lattice are illustrated in Figure 1.
Types of Unit Cells
Imagine taking a large number of identical...
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Metallic Solids02:37

Metallic Solids

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Metallic solids such as crystals of copper, aluminum, and iron are formed by metal atoms. The structure of metallic crystals is often described as a uniform distribution of atomic nuclei within a “sea” of delocalized electrons. The atoms within such a metallic solid are held together by a unique force known as metallic bonding that gives rise to many useful and varied bulk properties.
All metallic solids exhibit high thermal and electrical conductivity, metallic luster, and malleability....
18.2K
Molecular and Ionic Solids02:54

Molecular and Ionic Solids

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Crystalline solids are divided into four types: molecular, ionic, metallic, and covalent network based on the type of constituent units and their interparticle interactions.
Molecular Solids
Molecular crystalline solids, such as ice, sucrose (table sugar), and iodine, are solids that are composed of neutral molecules as their constituent units. These molecules are held together by weak intermolecular forces such as London dispersion forces, dipole-dipole interactions, or hydrogen bonds, which...
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Ionic Strength: Effects on Chemical Equilibria01:19

Ionic Strength: Effects on Chemical Equilibria

1.3K
The addition of an inert ionic compound increases the solubility of a sparingly soluble salt. For example, adding potassium nitrate to a saturated solution of calcium sulfate significantly enhances the solubility of calcium sulfate. Le Châtelier's principle cannot predict this shift in the equilibrium. Instead, this could be explained in terms of changes in the effective concentration of the ions in solution in the presence of added inert salt.
In this solution, the primary...
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Updated: Jun 4, 2025

Solid-state Graft Copolymer Electrolytes for Lithium Battery Applications
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Solid-state Graft Copolymer Electrolytes for Lithium Battery Applications

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Block Copolymer Electrolytes with Double Primitive Cubic Structures: Enhancing Solid-State Lithium Conduction via

Hojun Lee1, Jihoon Kim1, Moon Jeong Park1

  • 1Department of Chemistry, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang 37673, Republic of Korea.

ACS Nano
|January 3, 2025
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Introducing trace lithium salts into block copolymers enhances lithium-ion conduction. This strategy forms stable cubic structures, significantly boosting ionic conductivity and reducing activation energy for better battery performance.

Keywords:
Im3̅m structuresblock copolymer electrolytesend-groupslithium salt localizationsolid-state Li+ conductors

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Electrochemistry
  • Polymer Science

Background:

  • Block copolymer electrolytes offer potential for solid-state batteries.
  • Achieving high ionic conductivity in these materials remains a challenge.
  • Controlling ion transport pathways is crucial for electrolyte performance.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a strategy for enhancing Li+ conduction in polystyrene-block-poly(ethylene oxide) (PS-b-PEO) electrolytes.
  • To investigate the role of Li+ salt concentration and anion type on electrolyte structure and conductivity.
  • To explore methods for stabilizing desirable nanostructure morphologies for improved ion transport.

Main Methods:

  • Synthesis of PS-b-PEO block copolymers with functionalized end groups.
  • Doping with lithium salts (LiPF6, LiBF4, LiTFSI) at varying concentrations.
  • Structural characterization using techniques like small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS).
  • Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) to measure ionic conductivity and activation energy.

Main Results:

  • Trace Li+ salt addition induced the formation of double primitive cubic (Im3̅m) structures in PS-b-PEO.
  • Smaller anions (PF6-, BF4-) facilitated Im3̅m structure formation over a wider salt concentration range compared to TFSI-.
  • Electrolytes with Im3̅m structures exhibited significantly higher ionic conductivities and morphology factors than lamellar-forming electrolytes.
  • Low activation energy (0.012 eV) for Li+ conduction was observed, indicating reduced dependence on polymer relaxation.
  • Functionalizing PEO end groups with phosphate moieties further enhanced Im3̅m structure stability.

Conclusions:

  • Trace Li+ salt doping is an effective strategy to enhance Li+ conduction in PS-b-PEO electrolytes.
  • The formation of Im3̅m structures is key to achieving high ionic conductivity.
  • Anion choice and end-group functionalization play critical roles in stabilizing these structures.
  • This approach offers a promising pathway for developing high-performance solid-state electrolytes for lithium-ion batteries.