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Related Concept Videos

Circadian Rhythms and Gene Regulation02:19

Circadian Rhythms and Gene Regulation

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The biological clock is involved in many aspects of regulating complex physiology in all animals. It was in 1935 when German zoologists, Hans Kalmus and Erwin Bünning, discovered the existence of circadian rhythm in Drosophila melanogaster. However, the internal molecular mechanisms behind the circadian clock remained a mystery until 1984, when Jeffrey C. Hall, Michael Rosbash, and Michael W. Young discovered the expression of the Per gene oscillating over a 24-hour cycle. In subsequent...
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The gene expression in cells is regulated at different stages: (i) transcription, (ii) RNA processing, (iii) RNA localization, and (iv) translation. Transcriptional regulation is mediated by regulatory proteins such as transcription factors, activators, or repressors—these control gene expression by initiating or inhibiting the transcription of genes. Once a precursor or pre-mRNA is produced, it undergoes post-transcriptional modification, including 5' capping, splicing, and the...
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Master transcription regulators are regulatory proteins that are predominantly responsible for regulating the expression of multiple genes. Often these genes work in concert to drive a  complex process. Activation of a master transcription regulator can lead to a cascade of transcriptional activation necessary for that outcome. These regulators can directly bind to the regulatory sequences of the various genes involved, or they can indirectly regulate transcription by binding to regulatory...
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In eukaryotic cells, nascent mRNA transcripts need to undergo many post-transcriptional modifications to reach the cell cytoplasm and translate into functional proteins. For a long time, transcription and pre-mRNA processing were considered two independent events that occur sequentially in the cell. However, it has now been well established that transcription and pre-mRNA processing are two simultaneous processes that are precisely regulated inside the cell.
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The circadian—or biological—clock is an intrinsic, timekeeping, molecular mechanism that allows plants to coordinate physiological activities over 24-hour cycles called circadian rhythms. Photoperiodism is a collective term for the biological responses of plants to variations in the relative lengths of dark and light periods. The period of light-exposure is called the photoperiod.
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Gene expression can be regulated at almost every step from gene to protein. Transcription is the step that is most commonly regulated. This involves the binding of proteins to short regulatory sequences on the DNA. This association can either promote or inhibit the transcription of a gene associated with the respective sequence.
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Transcriptomic DN3 clock neuron subtypes regulate Drosophila sleep.

Dingbang Ma1,2, Jasmine Quynh Le3,4, Xihuimin Dai3,4

  • 1Interdisciplinary Research Center on Biology and Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201210, China.

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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Researchers explored Drosophila clock neurons, discovering new subtypes that regulate sleep. These neurons use the TrissinR receptor, revealing complex control over sleep behavior and highlighting neuronal diversity.

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Chronobiology
  • Genomics

Background:

  • Circadian neurons regulate physiological processes and behaviors.
  • The specific role of these neurons in sleep regulation remains poorly understood.
  • Drosophila clock neurons, particularly DN3s, are largely uncharacterized.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To comprehensively characterize the transcriptomic cell types of Drosophila clock neurons.
  • To investigate the function of previously uncharacterized DN3 subtypes in sleep regulation.

Main Methods:

  • Single-cell RNA sequencing was employed to generate a transcriptomic cell census.
  • Gene expression patterns were analyzed to identify distinct DN3 clusters.
  • Functional studies were conducted to determine the role of specific subtypes and receptors in sleep.

Main Results:

  • Identified 12 distinct clusters of DN3 clock neurons with unique gene expression profiles.
  • Discovered that specific DN3 subtypes promote sleep.
  • Demonstrated that the G protein-coupled receptor TrissinR mediates sleep promotion by these subtypes.

Conclusions:

  • Drosophila clock neurons exhibit remarkable transcriptomic and functional diversity.
  • Specific DN3 subtypes play a crucial role in the intricate regulation of sleep.
  • The TrissinR receptor is a key mediator in clock neuron-driven sleep promotion.