Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Chirality02:25

Chirality

22.1K
Chirality is a term that describes the lack of mirror symmetry in an object. In other words, chiral objects cannot be superposed on their mirror images. For example, our feet are chiral, as the mirror image of the left foot, the right foot, cannot be superposed on the left foot.
Chiral objects exhibit a sense of handedness when they interact with another chiral object. For example, our left foot can only fit in the left shoe and not in the right shoe. Achiral objects — objects that have...
22.1K
Molecules with Multiple Chiral Centers02:25

Molecules with Multiple Chiral Centers

11.0K
Molecules that possess multiple chiral centers can afford a large number of stereoisomers. For instance, while some molecules like 2-butanol have one chiral center, defined as a tetrahedral carbon atom with four different substituents attached, several molecules like butane-2,3-diol have multiple chiral centers. A simple formula to predict the number of stereoisomers possible for a molecule with n chiral centers is 2n. However, there can be a lower number where some of the stereoisomers are...
11.0K
Chirality in Nature02:30

Chirality in Nature

12.1K
Chirality is the most intriguing yet essential facet of nature, governing life’s biochemical processes and precision. It can be observed from a snail shell pattern in a macroscopic world to an amino acid, the minutest building block of life. Most of the snails around the world have right-coiled shells because of the intrinsic chirality in their genes. All the amino acids present in the human body exist in an enantiomerically pure state, except for glycine - the sole achiral amino acid.
12.1K
Chirality at Nitrogen, Phosphorus, and Sulfur02:30

Chirality at Nitrogen, Phosphorus, and Sulfur

5.6K
Chirality is most prevalent in carbon-based tetrahedral compounds, but this important facet of molecular symmetry extends to sp3-hybridized nitrogen, phosphorus and sulfur centers, including trivalent molecules with lone pairs. Here, the lone pair behaves as a functional group in addition to the other three substituents to form an analogous tetrahedral center that can be chiral.
A consequence of chirality is the need for enantiomeric resolution. While this is theoretically possible for all...
5.6K
Prochirality02:05

Prochirality

3.7K
The concept of prochirality leads to the nomenclature of the individual faces of a molecule and plays a crucial role in the enantioselective reaction. It is a concept where two or more achiral molecules react to produce chiral products. A typical process is the reaction of an achiral ketone to generate a chiral alcohol. Here, the achiral reactant reacts with an achiral reducing agent, sodium borohydride, to generate an equimolar mixture of the chiral enantiomers of the product. For example, an...
3.7K
¹H NMR Chemical Shift Equivalence: Enantiotopic and Diastereotopic Protons00:58

¹H NMR Chemical Shift Equivalence: Enantiotopic and Diastereotopic Protons

1.3K
Replacing each alpha-hydrogen in chloroethane by bromine (or a different functional group) yields a pair of enantiomers. Such protons are called prochiral or enantiotopic and are related by a mirror plane. Enantiotopic protons are chemically equivalent in an achiral environment. Because most proton NMR spectra are recorded using achiral solvents, enantiotopic hydrogens yield a single signal.
In chiral compounds such as 2-butanol, replacing the methylene hydrogens at C3 produces a pair of...
1.3K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

XY Model with Persistent Noise.

Physical review letters·2026
Same author

Inescapable Anisotropy of Nonreciprocal XY Models.

Physical review letters·2025
Same author

Unraveling the multifaceted roles of extracellular vesicles in bladder cancer: diagnostic insights and therapeutic opportunities.

Frontiers in oncology·2025
Same author

Proenkephalin produced by neonatal T-bet + Treg cells promotes periportal hepatocyte maturation.

Hepatology (Baltimore, Md.)·2025
Same author

Hepatic artery infusion of FOLFOX chemotherapy plus camrelizumab combined with sorafenib for advanced hepatocellular carcinoma in Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer stage C (Double-IA-001): a phase II trial.

BMC medicine·2025
Same author

Multiscale biased chemical space remodeling for developing APLNR agonists with anti-HFpEF efficacy.

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America·2025
Same journal

Erratum: Bacterial Turbulence at Compressible Fluid Interfaces [Phys. Rev. Lett. 136, 138301 (2026)].

Physical review letters·2026
Same journal

Unveiling Light-Quark Yukawa Flavor Structure via Dihadron Fragmentation at Lepton Colliders.

Physical review letters·2026
Same journal

Adaptable Route to Fast Coherent State Transport via Bang-Bang-Bang Protocols.

Physical review letters·2026
Same journal

Topological Transition and Emergence of Elasticity of Dislocation in Skyrmion Lattice: Beyond Kittel's Magnetic-Polar Analogy.

Physical review letters·2026
Same journal

Pound-Drever-Hall Method for Superconducting-Qubit Readout.

Physical review letters·2026
Same journal

Coupling a ^{73}Ge Nuclear Spin to an Electrostatically Defined Quantum Dot in Silicon.

Physical review letters·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 7, 2025

Spatial Separation of Molecular Conformers and Clusters
10:37

Spatial Separation of Molecular Conformers and Clusters

Published on: January 9, 2014

8.8K

Condensation and Synchronization in Aligning Chiral Active Matter.

Yujia Wang1, Bruno Ventéjou2, Hugues Chaté2,3,4

  • 1Center for Soft Condensed Matter Physics and Interdisciplinary Research, <a href="https://ror.org/05t8y2r12">Soochow University</a>, Suzhou 215006, China.

Physical Review Letters
|January 3, 2025
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Spontaneous density segregation in circle swimmers forms condensates, not phase separation. These vortex-like structures absorb particles and synchronize, challenging typical active matter behavior.

More Related Videos

Fabricating van der Waals Heterostructures with Precise Rotational Alignment
09:25

Fabricating van der Waals Heterostructures with Precise Rotational Alignment

Published on: July 5, 2019

9.3K
Synthesis of Programmable Main-chain Liquid-crystalline Elastomers Using a Two-stage Thiol-acrylate Reaction
11:17

Synthesis of Programmable Main-chain Liquid-crystalline Elastomers Using a Two-stage Thiol-acrylate Reaction

Published on: January 19, 2016

21.4K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 7, 2025

Spatial Separation of Molecular Conformers and Clusters
10:37

Spatial Separation of Molecular Conformers and Clusters

Published on: January 9, 2014

8.8K
Fabricating van der Waals Heterostructures with Precise Rotational Alignment
09:25

Fabricating van der Waals Heterostructures with Precise Rotational Alignment

Published on: July 5, 2019

9.3K
Synthesis of Programmable Main-chain Liquid-crystalline Elastomers Using a Two-stage Thiol-acrylate Reaction
11:17

Synthesis of Programmable Main-chain Liquid-crystalline Elastomers Using a Two-stage Thiol-acrylate Reaction

Published on: January 19, 2016

21.4K

Area of Science:

  • Physics
  • Active Matter Physics
  • Statistical Mechanics

Background:

  • Two-dimensional active matter typically exhibits phase separation.
  • Circle swimmers are a model system for studying collective behavior in active matter.
  • Understanding spontaneous pattern formation is key to active matter physics.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the nature of spontaneous density segregation in dense systems of aligning circle swimmers.
  • To characterize the emergent structures and their properties.
  • To compare these findings with established phase separation models.

Main Methods:

  • Simulations at both particle and continuous levels.
  • Analysis of systems with ferromagnetic and nematic alignment.
  • Inclusion of both identical and disordered chiralities.

Main Results:

  • Density segregation manifests as a condensation phenomenon, distinct from phase separation.
  • Condensates form vortex or rotating polar packet structures.
  • These condensates absorb a significant fraction of particles and maintain size with increasing mass.
  • Condensation leads to synchronization, despite local interactions in 2D.

Conclusions:

  • The study reveals a novel condensation mechanism in 2D active matter systems.
  • Emergent synchronized vortex structures challenge conventional phase separation paradigms.
  • A phenomenological theory is proposed to explain the observed condensation and synchronization.