Effect of additives on liposomes: an electric birefringence study

Under the influence of an electric field, vesicles in suspension partially deform or orientate, rendering the medium optically birefringent. The amplitudes of the birefringence under fields of variable amplitude lead to evaluation of the anisotropy of the electrical delta alpha and optical delta G polarisabilities of the vesicles. By using pulsed fields, rates of establishment and decay of birefringence enable vesicle sizes d to be measured. Samples of 9:1 phosphatidylcholine-phosphatidylserine liposome suspension in water were studied in the presence of various additives, including sucrose, an antibiotic (streptomycin), a steroid (dexamethasone), an anaesthetic (lignocaine) and a fluidising agent (benzyl alcohol). The changes in the three parameters delta alpha, delta G and d were different for each additive and are thought to be indicative of the mode of interaction of each. Electric birefringence also appears to be a rapid means of detecting structure changes.