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Growth of Cartilage and Bone Tissue

Growth of Cartilage and Bone Tissue

Chondrocytes form a temporary cartilaginous model by dividing and secreting a thick gel-like extracellular matrix. Once the chondrocytes undergo programmed cell death, osteoblasts enter the site of the cartilaginous model. The process of replacing the temporary cartilaginous model with bone in an ordered manner is called endochondral ossification. In endochondral ossification, not all of the cartilage is replaced by bone tissue. Some cartilage that performs a protective and supportive function...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 5, 2026

Human Cartilage Tissue Fabrication Using Three-dimensional Inkjet Printing Technology

Human Cartilage Tissue Fabrication Using Three-dimensional Inkjet Printing Technology

Published on: June 10, 2014

Decellularized cartilage tissue bioink formulation for osteochondral graft development.

Aleksandra A Golebiowska¹, Mingyang Tan², Anson Wk Ma^2,3

¹Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, United States of America.

Biomedical Materials (Bristol, England)

|January 3, 2025

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Researchers developed a novel

Keywords:

articular cartilage bioactive biomaterial/ink decellularized cartilage tissue bioink tissue engineering viscosity modifiers

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Human Cartilage Tissue Fabrication Using Three-dimensional Inkjet Printing Technology

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Area of Science:

Tissue Engineering
Biomaterials Science
Regenerative Medicine

Background:

Articular cartilage and osteochondral defects pose significant challenges for tissue engineering (TE) and regenerative medicine.
Current engineered scaffolds struggle to replicate the native microenvironment for optimal regeneration.
Developing biomaterials that mimic native cartilage is crucial for effective repair.

Purpose of the Study:

To develop a printable biomaterial from decellularized cartilage extracellular matrix (dcECM) for cartilage tissue regeneration.
To investigate the effects of viscosity modifiers (xanthan gum, Laponite®) and photo-crosslinking on bioink properties.
To create a stable, injectable 'Cartilage Ink' that supports chondrogenesis.

Main Methods:

Decellularization and solubilization of articular cartilage to create dcECM.
Formulation of dcECM bioinks with xanthan gum (XG) or Laponite® and a photo-crosslinkable component.
Rheological characterization (viscosity, shear thinning, storage/loss moduli) to assess printability and stability.
In vitro assessment of cell viability and chondrogenic differentiation using human bone-marrow derived stromal cells and chondrocytes.

Main Results:

dcECM-Laponite® bioinks exhibited significantly higher storage modulus (750–4000 Pa) than dcECM-XG formulations.
Bioink formulations demonstrated tunable rheology for 3D printing and shape fidelity post-UV crosslinking.
Laponite® addition improved bioink stability and enabled sustained release of growth factors.
The ECM-based bioink supported cell viability and enhanced chondrogenic differentiation in vitro.

Conclusions:

A printable and stable 'Cartilage Ink' was successfully developed from decellularized cartilage ECM.
The bioink closely mimics native cartilage ECM structure and function, supporting cartilaginous tissue formation.
This biomaterial holds promise for advancing TE strategies in articular cartilage repair.