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Related Concept Videos

The Synapse02:47

The Synapse

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Neurons communicate with one another by passing on their electrical signals to other neurons. A synapse is the location where two neurons meet to exchange signals. At the synapse, the neuron that sends the signal is called the presynaptic cell, while the neuron that receives the message is called the postsynaptic cell. Note that most neurons can be both presynaptic and postsynaptic, as they both transmit and receive information.
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Synaptic Signaling01:09

Synaptic Signaling

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Neurons communicate at synapses, or junctions, to excite or inhibit the activity of other neurons or target cells, such as muscles. Synapses may be chemical or electrical.
Most synapses are chemical, meaning an electrical impulse or action potential spurs the release of chemical messengers called neurotransmitters. The neuron sending the signal is called the presynaptic neuron, and the neuron receiving the signal is the postsynaptic neuron.
The presynaptic neuron fires an action potential that...
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Fusion of Secretory Vesicles with the Plasma Membrane01:26

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Proteins and neurotransmitters in secretory vesicles can be released from a cell upon vesicle docking, priming, and fusion with the plasma membrane. Vesicles are docked and primed in preparation for the quick exocytosis of their contents in response to a stimulus. The fusion process is mainly carried out by a SNAP Receptor or SNARE complex, consisting of synaptobrevin, syntaxin-1, and SNAP-25.
In 1993, Jim Rothman proposed that the antiparallel pairing of vesicular and transmembrane SNAREs, or...
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Postsynaptic Potential (PSP)01:32

Postsynaptic Potential (PSP)

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Postsynaptic potential (PSP) refers to a change in the electrical potential of a neuron when neurotransmitters released by presynaptic neurons bind to postsynaptic receptors. This potential can either be excitatory, leading to depolarization and ultimately action potential generation, or inhibitory, leading to hyperpolarization and suppression of the postsynaptic neuron.
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Chemical Synapses01:26

Chemical Synapses

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Chemical synapses are specialized sites between two neurons or between a neuron and a non-neuronal cell like a muscle, glandular or sensory cell.
Because chemical synapses depend on the release of neurotransmitter molecules from synaptic vesicles to pass on their signal, there is an approximately one millisecond delay between when the axon potential reaches the presynaptic terminal and when the neurotransmitter leads to opening of postsynaptic ion channels. Additionally, this signaling is...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 4, 2025

Microtransplantation of Synaptic Membranes to Reactivate Human Synaptic Receptors for Functional Studies
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Synaptoneurolipidomics: lipidomics in the study of synaptic function.

Robert Ahrends1, Shane R Ellis2, Steven H L Verhelst3

  • 1Department of Analytical Chemistry, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.

Trends in Biochemical Sciences
|January 3, 2025
PubMed
Summary

This study explores brain lipids, highlighting their crucial roles in neuronal function and synaptic plasticity. It introduces synaptoneurolipidomics as a new field to understand these vital molecules at synapses.

Keywords:
lipidomicsmass spectrometry imagingnanodiscssynapsesynaptic junctions

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Biochemistry
  • Lipidomics

Background:

  • The brain is a lipid-rich organ with complex lipid compositions essential for neuronal processes.
  • Lipid diversity is linked to cognitive evolution, neuronal activity, and synaptic plasticity.
  • Synaptic membranes possess a unique lipid composition distinct from other neuronal parts.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide an overview of the current knowledge on lipid composition in synaptic junctions.
  • To discuss technological advancements for studying synaptoneurolipidomics.
  • To explore the impact of lipids on synaptic function.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on brain lipidomics and synaptic function.
  • Analysis of current and emerging technologies in lipid analysis.
  • Integration of lipidomic data with neurobiological findings.

Main Results:

  • Synaptic junctions exhibit a specialized lipid profile crucial for their function.
  • Lipids are dynamic components influenced by neuronal activity and essential for plasticity.
  • Synaptoneurolipidomics is an emerging field with significant potential.

Conclusions:

  • Understanding synaptic lipidomics is key to deciphering neuronal function and plasticity.
  • Technological advancements are enabling deeper insights into the brain's lipid landscape.
  • The field of synaptoneurolipidomics promises to reveal novel mechanisms in neuroscience.