Treatment advances across the cervical cancer spectrum

Cervical cancer is preventable with screening and vaccination approaches; however, access to these preventative measures is limited both nationally and globally and thus many women will still develop cervical cancer. Novel treatments and practice-changing research have improved cervical cancer outcomes over the past few decades. In this Review, we discuss clinical trials that have refined or redefined the treatment of cervical cancers across the early stage, locally advanced, persistent, recurrent and/or metastatic disease settings. Advances for patients with early stage disease have been achieved through trials evaluating less extensive and fertility-preserving surgeries, different surgical approaches (open versus minimally invasive), and sentinel versus full pelvic lymph node dissection. We also discuss results from trials testing the use of neoadjuvant, induction and adjuvant chemotherapy as well as immune-checkpoint inhibitors in patients with locally advanced disease. Finally, we review the progress made with systemic chemotherapy and novel therapeutics, including anti-angiogenic agents, immune-checkpoint inhibitors and antibody-drug conjugates, in the setting of metastatic and/or recurrent cervical cancer. The advances highlighted in this manuscript have reduced morbidity and improved overall survival for patients with this challenging-to-treat disease, while also inspiring additional research and trials in the field.