Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Regulation of Expression at Multiple Steps01:23

Regulation of Expression at Multiple Steps

868
The gene expression in cells is regulated at different stages: (i) transcription, (ii) RNA processing, (iii) RNA localization, and (iv) translation. Transcriptional regulation is mediated by regulatory proteins such as transcription factors, activators, or repressors—these control gene expression by initiating or inhibiting the transcription of genes. Once a precursor or pre-mRNA is produced, it undergoes post-transcriptional modification, including 5' capping, splicing, and the...
868
Regulation of Expression Occurs at Multiple Steps02:24

Regulation of Expression Occurs at Multiple Steps

22.4K
Gene expression can be regulated at almost every step from gene to protein. Transcription is the step that is most commonly regulated. This involves the binding of proteins to short regulatory sequences on the DNA. This association can either promote or inhibit the transcription of a gene associated with the respective sequence.
Transcription results in the generation of precursor (pre-mRNA) that consists of both exons and introns, which needs further processing before being translated to a...
22.4K
Riboswitches01:56

Riboswitches

8.0K
Riboswitches are non-coding mRNA domains that regulate the transcription and translation of downstream genes without the help of proteins. Riboswitches bind directly to a metabolite and can form unique stem-loop or hairpin structures in response to the amount of the metabolite present. They have two distinct regions – a metabolite-binding aptamer and an expression platform.
The aptamer has high specificity for a particular metabolite which allows riboswitches to specifically regulate...
8.0K
Chromatin Structure Regulates pre-mRNA Processing02:41

Chromatin Structure Regulates pre-mRNA Processing

6.9K
In eukaryotic cells, nascent mRNA transcripts need to undergo many post-transcriptional modifications to reach the cell cytoplasm and translate into functional proteins. For a long time, transcription and pre-mRNA processing were considered two independent events that occur sequentially in the cell. However, it has now been well established that transcription and pre-mRNA processing are two simultaneous processes that are precisely regulated inside the cell.
The chromatin structure, especially...
6.9K
What is Gene Expression?01:36

What is Gene Expression?

8.4K
A gene is a stretch of DNA that serves as the blueprint for functional RNAs and proteins. Since DNA is comprised  of nucleotides and proteins are comprised of amino acids, a mediator is required to convert the information encoded in DNA into proteins. This mediator is the messenger RNA (mRNA). mRNA copies the blueprint from DNA by a process called transcription. In eukaryotes, transcription occurs in the nucleus by complementary base-pairing with the DNA template. The mRNA is then...
8.4K
Improving Translational Accuracy02:07

Improving Translational Accuracy

8.7K
Base complementarity between the three base pairs of mRNA codon and the tRNA anticodon is not a failsafe mechanism. Inaccuracies can range from a single mismatch to no correct base pairing at all. The free energy difference between the correct and nearly correct base pairs can be as small as 3 kcal/ mol. With complementarity being the only proofreading step, the estimated error frequency would be one wrong amino acid in every 100 amino acids incorporated. However, error frequencies observed in...
8.7K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Coexistence and collaboration: engineering encapsulation for whole-cell biosensors.

Trends in biotechnology·2025
Same author

Boolean matrix logic programming for active learning of gene functions in genome-scale metabolic network models.

Machine learning·2025
Same author

Broad-Host-Range Synthetic Biology: Rethinking Microbial Chassis as a Design Variable.

ACS synthetic biology·2025
Same author

Pangenomic landscapes shape performances of a synthetic genetic circuit across <i>Stutzerimonas</i> species.

mSystems·2024
Same author

Lipidome Plasticity Enables Unusual Photosynthetic Flexibility in Arctic vs. Temperate Diatoms.

Marine drugs·2024
Same author

Standardization of Fluorescent Reporter Assays in Synthetic Biology across the Visible Light Spectrum.

ACS synthetic biology·2023
Same journal

Breaking the Stability-Activity-Selectivity Trilemma in Unspecific Peroxygenase through Computation-Based Cross-Regional Combinatorial Mutagenesis.

ACS synthetic biology·2026
Same journal

Sequential Plasmid Curing and Genome Editing in <i>Escherichia coli</i> Nissle 1917.

ACS synthetic biology·2026
Same journal

An Explainable Deep Learning Framework Integrating DNA Sequence and Transcription Initiation Signals for Gene Expression Prediction.

ACS synthetic biology·2026
Same journal

A Multitask Prediction Framework for CircRNAs, Drugs, and Diseases Based on Multi-View Information Integration and Graph Contrastive Learning.

ACS synthetic biology·2026
Same journal

Engineering Modular Cargo Loading Strategies for Carboxysome-Derived Protein Particles.

ACS synthetic biology·2026
Same journal

Suppression of Salmonella Effectors with CRISPRi Controls the Immune Response to Bacterial Therapies.

ACS synthetic biology·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 4, 2025

Reliably Engineering and Controlling Stable Optogenetic Gene Circuits in Mammalian Cells
09:20

Reliably Engineering and Controlling Stable Optogenetic Gene Circuits in Mammalian Cells

Published on: July 6, 2021

2.3K

Fine-Tuning Genetic Circuits via Host Context and RBS Modulation.

Dennis Tin Chat Chan1, Lena Winter1, Johan Bjerg1

  • 1Faculty of Biosciences, Fisheries and Economics, UiT─The Arctic University of Norway, 9019 Tromsø, Norway.

ACS Synthetic Biology
|January 4, 2025
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Exploring different host organisms (chassis) and genetic circuit components significantly impacts synthetic biology applications. Modifying host context offers substantial performance tuning, while ribosome binding sites provide finer control for genetic toggle switches.

Keywords:
biodesignbroad-host-rangechassis effectcontext dependencegenetic circuitsynthetic biology

More Related Videos

Rapid Development of Cell State Identification Circuits with Poly-Transfection
09:21

Rapid Development of Cell State Identification Circuits with Poly-Transfection

Published on: February 24, 2023

1.4K
A Multilayer Microfluidic Platform for the Conduction of Prolonged Cell-Free Gene Expression
11:23

A Multilayer Microfluidic Platform for the Conduction of Prolonged Cell-Free Gene Expression

Published on: October 6, 2019

10.1K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 4, 2025

Reliably Engineering and Controlling Stable Optogenetic Gene Circuits in Mammalian Cells
09:20

Reliably Engineering and Controlling Stable Optogenetic Gene Circuits in Mammalian Cells

Published on: July 6, 2021

2.3K
Rapid Development of Cell State Identification Circuits with Poly-Transfection
09:21

Rapid Development of Cell State Identification Circuits with Poly-Transfection

Published on: February 24, 2023

1.4K
A Multilayer Microfluidic Platform for the Conduction of Prolonged Cell-Free Gene Expression
11:23

A Multilayer Microfluidic Platform for the Conduction of Prolonged Cell-Free Gene Expression

Published on: October 6, 2019

10.1K

Area of Science:

  • Synthetic Biology
  • Genetic Engineering
  • Systems Biology

Background:

  • The choice of host organism (chassis) for genetic circuits is often limited to model organisms, leaving the chassis-design space underexplored.
  • Genetic circuits require careful design for optimal performance, but chassis selection is frequently overlooked as an engineering variable.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explore the impact of chassis-design space on genetic toggle switch performance.
  • To investigate how variations in ribosome binding sites and host contexts influence circuit behavior and host dynamics.
  • To demonstrate the potential for fine-tuning synthetic gene circuits by optimizing chassis selection and component design.

Main Methods:

  • Created 27 genetic toggle switch variants by combining nine ribosome binding site compositions with three host contexts.
  • Characterized circuit performance by measuring toggle switch output and host growth dynamics.
  • Analyzed the effects of host context and ribosome binding site modifications on circuit properties.

Main Results:

  • Host context significantly altered overall performance, while ribosome binding site modifications yielded more incremental changes.
  • A combined approach of modulating ribosome binding sites and host context allowed fine-tuning of toggle switch properties like signaling strength and inducer sensitivity.
  • Auxiliary properties, such as inducer tolerance, were exclusively influenced by host context modifications.

Conclusions:

  • The chassis organism is a critical, tunable component in synthetic biology, not just a passive host.
  • Exploring the chassis-design space offers significant value for engineering synthetic gene circuits with desired functionalities.
  • This work reconceptualizes the chassis as an active element in the synthetic biologist's toolbox, with broad implications for the field.