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[Pneumomediastinum as a rare complication in connective tissue disease]

Z Aydi1, I Rachdi1, A Soli1

  • 1Service de médecine interne, hôpital Habib Thameur, faculté de médecine de Tunis, université de Tunis El Manar, Tunis, Tunisie.

Revue Des Maladies Respiratoires
|January 4, 2025
PubMed

Insights

Pneumomediastinum, or mediastinal emphysema, is a rare complication in connective tissue diseases. This report details two spontaneous cases linked to scleroderma and Sjogren's syndrome, exploring its causes and mechanisms.

Area of Science:

  • Rheumatology
  • Pulmonology
  • Internal Medicine

Background:

  • Pneumomediastinum (PNM), also known as mediastinal emphysema, is an uncommon condition.
  • Its occurrence in connective tissue diseases is exceptionally rare, with limited documented cases.
  • PNM can exceptionally complicate the course of connective tissue diseases.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To report two cases of spontaneous pneumomediastinum secondary to scleroderma and Sjogren's syndrome.
  • To discuss the etiology, frequency, and pathophysiological mechanisms of PNM in connective tissue diseases based on literature review.

Main Methods:

  • Case report of two patients with spontaneous pneumomediastinum.
  • Literature review on pneumomediastinum in connective tissue diseases.

Main Results:

  • Two cases of spontaneous pneumomediastinum were identified in patients with scleroderma and Sjogren's syndrome.
  • The study discusses the potential causes, incidence, and underlying mechanisms of this rare complication.

Conclusions:

  • Spontaneous pneumomediastinum is a rare but possible complication in patients with connective tissue diseases like scleroderma and Sjogren's syndrome.
  • Further investigation into the specific pathophysiological links is warranted.
Keywords:
Connective tissue diseasesConnectivitesPneumomediastinumPneumomédiastinSclérodermie systémiqueSjogren SyndromeSyndrome de SjogrenSystemic sclerosis

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