Current status and innovative developments of CAR-T-cell therapy for the treatment of breast cancer

Breast cancer will overtake all other cancers in terms of diagnoses in 2024. Breast cancer counts highest among women in terms of cancer incidence and death rates. Innovative treatment approaches are desperately needed because treatment resistance brought on by current clinical drugs impedes therapeutic efficacy. The T cell-based immunotherapy known as chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cell treatment, which uses the patient's immune cells to fight cancer, has demonstrated remarkable efficacy in treating hematologic malignancies; nevertheless, the treatment effects in solid tumors, like breast cancer, have not lived up to expectations. We discuss in detail the role of tumor-associated antigens in breast cancer, current clinical trials, barriers to the intended therapeutic effects of CAR-T cell therapy, and potential ways to increase treatment efficacy. Finally, our review aims to stimulate readers' curiosity by summarizing the most recent advancements in CAR-T cell therapy for breast cancer.