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Athlete Selective Androgen Receptor Modulators Abuse: A Systematic Review
Nikhil Vasireddi1,2, Henrik A Hahamyan3, Heath P Gould4
1Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio, USA.
The American Journal of Sports Medicine
|January 5, 2025
Summary
Selective androgen receptor modulators (SARMs) are increasingly used by athletes and linked to serious health risks like liver injury and heart problems. This review highlights the dangers of SARM abuse and the need for better athlete education and regulation.
Area of Science:
- Sports Medicine
- Pharmacology
- Toxicology
Background:
- Selective androgen receptor modulators (SARMs) are performance-enhancing compounds misused by athletes.
- SARMs lack FDA approval and are associated with severe adverse effects, including liver injury, myocarditis, and tendon rupture.
Purpose of the Study:
- To synthesize literature on SARMs from a sports medicine viewpoint.
- To understand clinical effects, treatment, prevalence, and contamination of SARMs in athletes.
Main Methods:
- Systematic review of English-language literature from PubMed, Cochrane, and Embase.
- Included articles on SARM clinical outcomes, elimination, contamination, safety, prevalence, and doping control.
- Level of evidence: 4.
Main Results:
- Prevalence of SARM use in athletes is estimated at 1-3%.
- SARMs increase lean body mass but cause side effects like testosterone suppression and organ enlargement.
- Contaminated products and high doses exacerbate risks, including liver injury, cardiovascular events, and tendon damage.
Conclusions:
- SARM abuse in athletes is widespread, unsafe, and associated with significant health risks.
- Identifying and treating SARM abuse requires thorough history taking and multidisciplinary care.
- Regulation of gray-market SARMs is needed to protect public health.
Keywords:
athletesathletic injuriesdoping in sportsdrug abuseselective androgen receptor modulatorssports medicineMore Related Videos
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