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Chorionic trophoblast cells demonstrate functionally different phenotypes from placental trophoblasts†.

Jaganmoy Choudhury1, Lauren S Richardson1, Rheanna Urrabaz-Garza1

  • 1Division of Basic Science and Translational Research, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston, Galveston, TX, United States of America.

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|January 5, 2025
PubMed
Summary

Chorionic trophoblast cells require specific enriched media for growth and phenotype maintenance. These cells, distinct from other trophoblast types, do not invade or syncytialize but form a barrier against immune cells.

Keywords:
amniochorioncell invasionextravillous trophoblastpreterm birthsyncytialization

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Area of Science:

  • Reproductive Biology
  • Cell Biology
  • Immunology

Background:

  • Chorionic trophoblast cells are key components of the fetal membrane, forming the feto-maternal interface.
  • Understanding their in vitro requirements and functional distinctions is crucial for reproductive research.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the necessity of enriched media for chorionic trophoblast cell growth and phenotype.
  • To compare the functional characteristics of chorionic trophoblast cells with placental cytotrophoblast cells and extravillous trophoblasts.

Main Methods:

  • Culturing chorionic trophoblast cells in defined media with and without specific inhibitors.
  • Assessing cellular morphology, growth, and molecular markers (GATA-binding protein 3, cytokeratin 7, vimentin) via microscopy and immunofluorescence.
  • Evaluating syncytialization and invasive properties, comparing them to other trophoblast subtypes.

Main Results:

  • Removal of growth factors delayed cell growth and promoted cellular transition, indicated by altered marker expression.
  • Chorionic trophoblast cells did not undergo syncytialization, unlike placental cytotrophoblast cells.
  • While expressing human leukocyte antigen G, chorionic trophoblast cells lacked invasive capacity, unlike extravillous trophoblasts.

Conclusions:

  • Chorionic trophoblast cells necessitate specific media components for in vitro maintenance.
  • These cells function as a barrier against decidual immune cells, differing functionally from placental cytotrophoblast and extravillous trophoblast cells.