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An Improved and High Throughput Respiratory Syncytial Virus RSV Micro-neutralization Assay
Published on: January 26, 2019
Utilizing Infectious Disease Surveillance for Epidemic Warnings of Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infections in Japan
Akiko Ohta1, Shuji Hashimoto2, Miyuki Kawado3
1Division of Public Health, Department of Social Medicine, Saitama Medical University Faculty of Medicine, Japan.
Abstract:
Japan's National Epidemiological Surveillance of Infectious Diseases (NESID) has implemented a warning system for detecting epidemics in smaller districts, such as public health center (PHC) areas. This system is applied to influenza and pediatric infectious diseases. Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infection is not included but its incorporation is needed for effective early epidemic detection. We aimed to propose criterion values for an epidemic warning system related to RSV infection within PHC areas. We analyzed the weekly number of RSV infection cases reported by sentinel medical institutions (SMIs) in the NESID from 2015 to 2019. Weekly cases per SMI in the PHC area were set to establish an index for epidemic warnings. We determined criteria for issuing an epidemic warning by identifying distribution percentiles within the index. Setting the critical values for the onset and end of the epidemic warning at 5 and 2, respectively, yielded an approximately 5% annual proportion of PHC areas with an epidemic warning, which aligns with previously accepted frequency criteria for epidemic warnings. The 5-year (2015-2019) RSV infection epidemic trend showed that the set critical values were appropriate. Using these values could assist with issuing warnings regarding potential RSV infection epidemics in Japan.
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