Neutrophils in MASLD and MASH

Area of Science:

• Hepatology
• Immunology
• Metabolic Syndrome

Background:

• Metabolic Dysfunction Associated Steatotic Liver Disease (MASLD) and Metabolic Dysfunction Associated Steatohepatitis (MASH) are growing health concerns linked to metabolic syndrome.
• These liver conditions involve fat accumulation, inflammation, and potential progression to cirrhosis and cancer.

Purpose of the Study:

• To review the current understanding of neutrophil involvement in MASLD and MASH pathogenesis.
• To highlight the complex, dual role of neutrophils in liver disease progression and protection.

Main Methods:

• Literature review of recent studies on neutrophils in MASLD and MASH.
• Analysis of neutrophil functions, including inflammatory responses and protective mechanisms.

Main Results:

• Neutrophils infiltrate the liver, releasing damaging substances like ROS, cytokines, and NETs.
• Neutrophil-derived factors such as NE, HNP-1, MPO, and LCN2 contribute to inflammation and fibrosis.
• Conversely, microRNA-223 and MMP9 mediated by neutrophils can offer liver protection and repair.

Conclusions:

• Neutrophils exhibit a complex, context-dependent role in MASLD and MASH.
• Targeting neutrophil functions presents a potential therapeutic avenue for managing these liver diseases.