Understanding substance use patterns among adolescent girls in Norway through the lens of mattering

Aims: This research explores patterns of views on substance use among Norwegian adolescent girls aged 16-19 years. By examining the participants' experiences, attitudes and needs, the study seeks to uncover how teenage girls experience the use of substances, how the use impacts their daily lives, and their relationships with peers, family and welfare professionals. Methods: To achieve this understanding, we utilised Q methodology to capture the perspectives of 42 Norwegian adolescent girls. Q methodology provides a comprehensive understanding of participants' shared viewpoints and offers insight into their perspectives on substance use. We use the concept of "mattering" to interpret the perspectives on substance use revealed through the Q methodological analysis. Results: We identified three distinct perspectives among the participants: (1) Confident - against illegal substances; (2) Ambivalent - substance use normalised, yet with negative consequences; and (3) Outgoing - positive and curious about illegal substances. The key differences lie in the adolescents' attitudes to illegal substances, parental relationships, and openness about their own substance use. Substance use serves different functions and has varying consequences for each perspective. Conclusions: Secure interpersonal relationships within families, peers and broader social contexts are crucial in shaping adolescent girls' attitudes to substance use. Feeling valued and experiencing mattering within these contexts can protect against problematic behaviours and encourage healthier choices. To support adolescent girls' well-being, healthcare and social work professionals should consider the family's emotional climate and the girls' sense of connectedness to family, peers and society.