Phytochemical diversity, therapeutic potential, and ecological roles of the Cecropia genus

The genus Cecropia, a pivotal component of Neotropical flora, is renowned for its integration of traditional medicinal uses with significant ecological functions. This review aims to highlight the phytochemical diversity and pharmacological activities of the Cecropia genus, with a particular focus on well-documented species such as C. angustifolia, C. glaziovii, and C. pachystachya. Through a comprehensive review of the literature and current studies, this review identifies critical phytochemicals, including flavonoids, phenolic acids, and terpenoids, and correlates these compounds with biological activities such as anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, and antioxidant effects. Notably, the review delves into the pharmacological potential of less than ten out of the sixty-six accepted Cecropia species, revealing a significant research opportunity within the genus. The findings advocate for intensified drug discovery initiatives involving advanced phytochemical analyses, bioactivity assessments, and the integration of conservation strategies. These efforts are crucial for the sustainable utilization of new therapeutic agents for Cecropia species. Additionally, this review discusses the ecological roles of Cecropia, particularly its contributions to forest regeneration and its symbiotic relationships with ants and proposes future research directions aimed at bridging current knowledge gaps and enhancing conservation measures for this valuable genus.