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Factors Affecting Perception01:25

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Perception is influenced by perceptual set, context, motivation, and emotion. Perceptual set, or perceptual expectancy, refers to the tendency to perceive things in a particular way, influenced by previous experiences and expectations. This phenomenon affects the interpretation of stimuli, creating a set of mental tendencies and assumptions that impact sensory perceptions of sound, taste, touch, and sight.
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Cognitive development continues throughout adulthood, undergoing significant shifts across early, middle, and late stages. Individual transition occurs from adolescent idealism to pragmatic and adaptable thinking in early adulthood. During this period, individuals learn to integrate personal beliefs with the recognition that other perspectives are equally valid. Exposure to the complexities of modern society, diverse experiences, and higher education contribute to this adaptive thought process,...
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The somatosensory system is the central and peripheral nervous system component that senses and processes touch, pressure, pain, temperature, and body position or proprioception. The process of sensation takes place at three levels:
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Perception is a fundamental psychological process that enables individuals to organize, interpret, and consciously experience sensory information. This process is crucial for understanding and interacting with the world around us. It includes both bottom-up and top-down processing, each playing a distinct role in how we perceive our environment.
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The cerebral cortex, the brain's outermost layer, is pivotal in processing complex cognitive tasks, emotions, and various sensory inputs and executing voluntary motor activities. This intricate structure is divided into three primary functional areas: the motor areas, sensory areas, and association areas.
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The brain processes sensory information rapidly due to parallel processing, which involves sending data across multiple neural pathways at the same time. This method allows the brain to manage various sensory qualities, such as shapes, colors, movements, and locations, all concurrently. For instance, when observing a forest landscape, the brain simultaneously processes the movement of leaves, the shapes of trees, the depth between them, and the various shades of green. This enables a quick and...
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Multidimensional relationships between sensory perception and cognitive aging.

Lakshmi Kannan1, Esteban Sebastian Lelo de Larrea-Mancera1, Marcello Maniglia2

  • 1Department of Psychology, Game Design, and Physical Therapy, Movement and Rehabilitation Services, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, United States.

Frontiers in Aging Neuroscience
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Declines in sensory systems like vision and hearing may precede cognitive decline and Alzheimer's disease and Alzheimer's related dementias (ADRD). Early sensory assessment could aid ADRD detection and intervention strategies.

Keywords:
cognitive agingdementiadual sensory losshearingperceptual processessensory processesvision

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Gerontology
  • Ophthalmology
  • Audiology

Background:

  • Growing evidence links sensory/perceptual declines (vision, hearing, olfaction, vestibular) to cognitive aging and Alzheimer's disease and Alzheimer's related dementias (ADRD).
  • The causal relationship between sensory decline and cognitive impairment in ADRD, and the interplay between different sensory systems, requires further clarification.
  • Sensory declines necessitate compensation, potentially increasing neural load, impacting daily activities, social engagement, quality of life, and fall risk.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the literature on the relationships between sensory/perceptual systems, cognitive aging, and ADRD.
  • To explore the debate on whether early sensory declines are causal or coincidental in ADRD progression.
  • To propose sensory function assessment as a tool for early ADRD detection and intervention.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review and synthesis of existing research.
  • Perspective piece analyzing current understanding and debates.
  • Focus on vision, hearing, olfaction, and vestibular function in relation to cognitive aging and ADRD.

Main Results:

  • Sensory declines are increasingly recognized as early indicators and potential contributors to cognitive aging and ADRD.
  • The precise mechanisms and interactions between sensory systems in the context of ADRD remain under investigation.
  • Compensation for sensory loss can impact neural resources and daily functioning.

Conclusions:

  • Precise and widespread assessment of sensory functions may facilitate early detection of ADRD.
  • Intervention strategies targeting sensory impairments could mitigate risks associated with ADRD.
  • Improving sensory function can enhance everyday functioning and quality of life in aging populations.